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Europe and defence, Raphaël Glucksmann

Place in the European Union: Federal leap: qualified majority instead of veto, own resources increased tenfold

Direction of change: increase, compared with current law.

The lever. Relationship with the European treaties and rules: deepening, renegotiation, primacy of national law, exit. Direction rule: ↑ deeper European integration.

« j'assumerai un bond fédéral de la construction européenne. […] Il faut d'abord en finir avec la règle qui permet à un seul État de bloquer les vingt-six autres. Pendant des années, tout un continent a dépendu des humeurs de Viktor Orbán. C'est inacceptable : nous devons assumer le passage à la majorité qualifiée, notamment en termes de politique étrangère et de fiscalité. Il faut ensuite donner à l'Union les moyens de sa puissance : des ressources propres décuplées, […] des investissements communs à la hauteur des défis. »1

Translation by the editorsI will fully embrace a federal leap in European integration. […] First, we must put an end to the rule that allows a single State to block the other twenty-six. For years, an entire continent has depended on the moods of Viktor Orbán. That is unacceptable: we must embrace the move to qualified majority, notably in foreign policy and taxation. Next, we must give the Union the means to match its power: own resources increased tenfold, […] common investments equal to the challenges.

Words of Raphaël Glucksmann, Le Grand Continent, « Quelle géopolitique pour la primaire socialiste ? » (réponses écrites des candidats), 6 October 2026. Position taken from public statements, not from a written programme.

No programme released. Positions taken from public statements, words of associates or documents of the candidate’s party, each dated and sourced; last recorded on 21 October 2026.

Encoding

No cost-schedule parameter for this position: see the costing for the reason.

Costing

Announced by the candidate

not announced

The cited source does not cost this measure.

Published costings

none

No external costing of this position recorded to date.

Our calculation

not costed

Move to qualified majority and own resources « décuplées » [“increased tenfold”]: no option in the cost schedule, and no announced effect on the French contribution.

Current law, sources and limits of the cost schedule

Current law. Constitution, art. 88-1 (participation in the EU); TEU and TFEU treaties; new European fiscal rules of 2024. Levy on revenue for the EU: €28.44bn in the finance act for 2026 (art. 143; €28.8bn in the initial bill), compared with €23.1bn in 2025. France's share of EU financing: 17.2% in 2024. Net accounting balance: -€7.9bn in 2024 and -€9.3bn in 2023, France being the 2nd largest net contributor. Returns: €16.4bn a year on average. Under the 2028-2034 financial framework proposed by the Commission, the average annual levy would rise from €26bn (current framework) to €38bn.

Horizon. Full year, current €bn. In 2032, the 2028-2034 financial framework brings the contribution to €38bn on average according to the Commission's proposal.

Limits. The contribution is set by the « ressources propres » (own resources) decision (unanimity and ratification) and by the multiannual financial framework: a unilateral reduction would breach the treaties. The “exit” option is a static balance calculated by the editors. Low: 2024 balance (7.9). Central: voted 2026 levy of 28.44 minus 16.4 of average returns, i.e. 12.04. High: 38 (average proposed for 2028-2034) minus 16.4, i.e. 21.6. It ignores the returns that would have to be funded nationally (PAC: France receives 18.5% of the agricultural policy), customs duties, access to the single market, the cost of debt and the French share of the European debt linked to the recovery plan (extra contribution of about €2.5bn per year from 2028 according to the Cour des comptes, for lack of new own resources). It is not a net gain. The levy voted for 2026 is €28.44bn (finance act for 2026, art. 143), not €28.8bn (initial bill). Freezing at the 2025 level brings in 28.44 − 23.10 = €5.34bn according to amendment no. 1291 (GDR group), which proposes it. The contribution-ue parameter (rule on public bases, 18 October 2026, the same for all): a reduction in the contribution is costed on the levy voted for 2026, €28.44bn, assuming the reduction is obtained, as for leaving the EU (static costing; the means, a renegotiation requiring unanimity, is not assessed). A targeted net contribution (levy minus returns) is converted into a levy by adding the average returns, €16.4bn (Senate): a net contribution of €5bn is equivalent to a levy of €21.4bn, i.e. a gain of €7.04bn (only €2.9bn if one starts from the 2024 net accounting balance, €7.9bn). A return to the pre-Covid level is read on the levy executed in 2019, €21.025bn, in 2019 euros not updated: a gain of €7.41bn. Compared with the proposed 2028-2034 framework (€38bn on average), the gains would be higher, but this framework has not been adopted: it is not part of the baseline.

How to read these amounts. These are static costs and revenues, with no feedback effect, over a full year: nothing on growth, employment or the revenue that economic activity would gain or lose. A higher net cost does not on its own make a worse policy, nor net savings a better one: each programme rests on an economic model (demand-led stimulus, lower compulsory levies, consolidation of the public accounts…) that the cost schedule does not settle. GDP itself measures a volume of activity, not well-being or the usefulness of what is produced. Economic models and feedback effects.

This lever in the method · Costing for Raphaël Glucksmann

  1. Le Grand Continent, « Quelle géopolitique pour la primaire socialiste ? » (réponses écrites des candidats), 6 October 2026. Words of Raphaël Glucksmann. Position taken from public statements, not from a written programme. Read the source (Le Grand Continent, « Quelle géopolitique pour la primaire socialiste ? » (réponses écrites des candidats)).

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