School, Édouard Philippe
Teachers' pay: +20% in average pay over the five-year term
Direction of change: increase, compared with current law.
The lever. Increase in teachers' pay promised during the five-year term, as a percentage. Direction rule: ↑ higher pay.
« une augmentation de 20% de la rémunération moyenne des enseignants […] C'est massif, mais c'est indispensable pour redonner de la dignité à leur métier »1Translation by the editorsa 20% increase in teachers’ average pay […] It is massive, but it is indispensable to restore dignity to their profession
Words of Édouard Philippe, LCP, d’après son entretien au Figaro, 24 August 2026. Position taken from public statements, not from a written programme.
No programme released. Positions taken from public statements, words of associates or documents of the candidate’s party, each dated and sourced; last recorded on 18 October 2026.
Encoding
| Parameter | Current law | Proposed | Effective date or horizon |
|---|---|---|---|
| Increase in pay for all teachers | 0% | 20% (assumption by the editors, see the costing) | full year 2032, €bn/year |
Costing
Announced by the candidate
not announced
The cited source does not cost this measure.
Published costings
none
No external costing of this position recorded to date.
Our calculation
−€7.1bn
per year for the public accounts, new spending, range −€12bn to −€7.1bn.
The calculation
- Increase in pay for all teachers: (20 − 0) ÷ 1 = 20 times “+1% in pay for all teachers (state and private under contract)”, each a cost of €0.36bn (0.36 to 0.59).
Assumption by the editors. In the same source, the candidate says he will fund this increase and the reduction in class sizes through the fall in the number of pupils (« près d'un million d'élèves en moins » [“almost a million fewer pupils”]), « sans dégrader les finances publiques » [“without damaging the public finances”]. This counterpart, with no amount, is not costed: the cost shown is gross.
Coefficient calculated by the editors from Sénat, rapport spécial PLF 2026, Enseignement scolaire: the position is marked as an assumption by the editors.
Current law, sources and limits of the cost schedule
Current law. Civil service pay scales, public sector pay index point frozen at €4.9228 since 1 July 2023. 2023 « socle » (baseline) pay rise (about +10% on average, mainly at the start of careers) and the Pacte enseignant (teacher pact). In 2024, 712,806 public-sector teachers and 139,946 in state-contracted private schools are paid. Title 2 of the Enseignement scolaire (school education) mission: €59.23bn excluding the CAS Pensions (PLF 2026).
Horizon. full year 2032, €bn/year
Limits. Editors' assumption: teachers account for about 70% of Title 2 (staff spending, €59.23bn), hence about €41bn excluding CAS; brought back to pay for active service (41 / 1.15 ≈ €35.7bn), €0.357bn per percentage point (low and central value). The high value adds employer contributions and the teachers' share of the CAS Pensions (70% of €25.16bn), i.e. about €0.59bn per point. “Net” convention (R9), the same as for the public sector pay index point and public sector headcount: at the centre, cost excluding all employer contributions paid to other public administrations (CAS Pensions, employer social contributions); as upper bound, full employer cost. The published “excluding CAS” cost still includes employer contributions other than the CAS: it is brought back to pay for active service alone by the ratio “average loaded cost excluding CAS / pay for active service” from the PAP 2024 (Enseignement scolaire, entry-exit costs: 47,634 / 41,610 = 1.145 in primary, 51,198 / 44,265 = 1.157 in secondary, about 1.15 on average; editors' calculation). At the level of consolidated general government, the CAS is an internal flow: the real additional pension cost comes later. An increase targeted at early careers costs less per average point announced: the 2023 base increase, about 10% « en moyenne » [“on average”], cost €1.9bn. The base targeted by each candidate therefore matters. The pay index point also raises teachers' pay: declared overlap with the “civil service” lever. Parameter in net euros (hausse-nette-mensuelle): 852,752 teachers (712,806 in the public sector, 139,946 in private schools under contract, Senate, PLF 2026) × €1,200 net per year. Conversion from net to gross using the ratio noted by the DEPP for a teacher's bonus (€3,180 gross per year for €227 net per month, i.e. 85.7%): about €1,401 gross per year. Central value, without employer contributions (“net” convention): 852,752 × €1,401 ≈ €1.19bn. Bounds: €100 net is 3.24% of the average net salary of a tenured teacher (€3,090 in 2024, DEPP), i.e. €1.16bn with the low value of the percentage parameter (0.357) and €1.91bn with its high value (0.59), full employer cost with the CAS Pensions share (case of an increase paid on the index-based salary, which accrues pension rights). Limits: the net-to-gross ratio is not the same for the salary as for a bonus; teachers in private schools under contract have different contributions; contract teachers earn less on average (€2,130 net according to the DEPP), which does not change the cost of a uniform increase in euros but makes its conversion into a percentage approximate.
- Sénat, rapport spécial PLF 2026, Enseignement scolaire, 2025-11: « Le montant des crédits inscrits au titre des dépenses de personnel représente ainsi 59,23 milliards d'euros hors CAS « Pensions » ; ... dont 712 806 enseignants dans le secteur public et 139 946 dans le secteur privé ; contribution au CAS « Pensions » ... 25,16 milliards d'euros au PLF 2026 »
- Sénat, rapport PLF 2023 Enseignement scolaire, 2022-11: « La seule revalorisation « socle » aura un impact de 1,9 milliard d'euros en année pleine et 635 millions d'euros en 2023. »
- DEPP, Note d'information n° 26.36, L'évolution du salaire des enseignants fonctionnaires ou assimilés entre 2023 et 2024, 2026-08: « En 2024, un enseignant de l'éducation nationale fonctionnaire ou assimilé perçoit en moyenne 3 090 euros nets par mois. ; un enseignant positionné à l'échelon 4 a reçu une prime annuelle brute de 3 180 euros en 2024, correspondant à 227 euros nets mensuels »
- PAP 2024, mission Enseignement scolaire, coûts entrée-sortie (copie de l'Assemblée nationale), 2023-10: « COÛTS ENTRÉE-SORTIE Coût moyen chargé HCAS dont rémunérations d'activité ; Catégorie d'emplois Coût d'entrée Coût global Coût de sortie Coût d'entrée Coût global Coût de sortie ; Enseignants du 1er degré 38 116 47 634 59 633 33 537 41 610 52 015 ; Enseignants du 2nd degré 39 318 51 198 62 207 34 027 44 265 53 795 »
How to read these amounts. These are static costs and revenues, with no feedback effect, over a full year: nothing on growth, employment or the revenue that economic activity would gain or lose. A higher net cost does not on its own make a worse policy, nor net savings a better one: each programme rests on an economic model (demand-led stimulus, lower compulsory levies, consolidation of the public accounts…) that the cost schedule does not settle. GDP itself measures a volume of activity, not well-being or the usefulness of what is produced. Economic models and feedback effects.
- LCP, d’après son entretien au Figaro, 24 August 2026. Words of Édouard Philippe. Position taken from public statements, not from a written programme. Read the source (LCP, d’après son entretien au Figaro).
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