head to head
Two programmes side by side
Loading the comparison…
Direction of change, relative to current law: increase; decrease; unchanged; abolition of a scheme; creation of a scheme; change of another kind, or uncertain direction.
Wages and SMIC (minimum wage)
- Net monthly SMIC (minimum wage)PhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: €1,600 net within two years (2025 plan, not reconfirmed in 2026) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Profit sharing (participation, intéressement)PhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: PS programme: profit-sharing ≥ dividends; contributions on high incomes (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Unemployment
- Unemployment, max. benefit durationPhilippedecrease: 12 months maximum for under-50s, « comme l’Allemagne » [“like Germany”] (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Repeal Macron’s unemployment insurance reform (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Benefit amount and taperingPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Repeal Macron’s unemployment insurance reform (read as the 2019-2021 one) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Working time and labour law
- Statutory working timePhilippeother change: 2 more hours a week, by company agreement (€1,000 a year at the SMIC) (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- OvertimePhilippeincrease: Hours beyond 35 h, by agreement, free of tax and contributions (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
Minimum incomes and benefits
- RSA (minimum income), amount and conditionsPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: unconditional RSA, paid automatically (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Family allowancesPhilippeincrease: Single allowance of €350 a month from the first child, tapering (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
Early childhood and old age
- Nurseries and childcarePhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Public early-childhood service, enforceable right to childcare (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Old age and long-term carePhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: A Grand Âge (old age) law, more staff in care homes (EHPAD), better-paid jobs (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Age and contribution period
- Legal retirement agePhilippeincrease: 65, gradually (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanndecrease: 62 after repeal of the 2023 reform, no return to 60 (public statement by the candidate)
- Contribution periodPhilippeincrease: 45 years, gradually (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannunchanged: PS programme: 43 years of contributions, reduced according to job arduousness (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Long careersPhilippeother change: One French person in 3 will be able to retire at 60 to 64 (long careers, arduous work) (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Arduous workPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Arduous work: earlier retirement for wearing jobs, later for some executives (public statement by the candidate)
Taxation of pensioners
Organisation of the system
Income tax and CSG
- Income tax scalePhilippedecrease: No income tax for 3 years after a birth (middle classes), €3,000 above that (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Differential contribution on the highest incomes (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- CSG (general social contribution)PhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Lower the CSG on wages, funded by large inheritances (public statement by the candidate)
- Flat-rate levy on capital (flat tax)PhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: PFU raised to 34%, end of the wiping out of unrealised capital gains (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Tax expenditures, subsidies and fraud
- Tax and social security expendituresPhilippedecrease: Abolish tax expenditures before any tax increase, with no list (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanndecrease: Abolish ineffective tax expenditures, with no list (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Public aid to businessesPhilippedecrease: €50bn less in « improductives » [“unproductive”] subsidies, in exchange for €50bn in taxes (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannother change: Redirect the €211bn of public aid to businesses (public statement by the candidate)
- Tax and social security fraudPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: more staff and tools against tax fraud (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Wealth and inheritance
- Wealth tax (IFI, ISF)PhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Tax the largest fortunes (public statement by the candidate)
- Inheritance and gift taxPhilippedecrease: Against more inheritance tax; gift ceilings raised for 3 years (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Tax the top 1% of inheritances; Place publique: end of the Dutreil pact (encoding being checked) (public statement by the candidate)
Consumption
- VATPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: End of VAT exemptions for polluting transport (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Taxes on fuel and energyPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannunchanged: No general cut in petrol taxes; energy voucher extended (€4bn) (public statement by the candidate)
Business taxation
- Corporate income taxPhilippeunchanged: No tax increase for businesses, « qui payent déjà trop » [“which already pay too much”] (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannother change: PS programme: corporate income tax made progressive, in favour of SMEs (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Taxation of digital giants and multinationalsPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Targeted rise in the GAFAM tax, no rate given, for a digital agency (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Production taxesPhilippedecrease: €50bn less in production taxes in exchange for €50bn less in subsidies (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Windfall profits and share buybacksPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Tax oil companies’ windfall profits to fund fuel aid (public statement by the candidate)
- Financial transaction taxPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: global tax on financial transactions (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Debt and public spending
- Public deficit targeted for 2032Philippedecrease: Golden rule on deficits by referendum, deficit at 2% of GDP in 2032 (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannother change: Deficits cut over five years by a « contrat de stabilité » [“stability contract”], no target (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Level of public spendingPhilippedecrease: Restore the public accounts by cutting spending rather than raising taxes (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Announced savingsPhilippeincrease: Half of the savings effort on social spending (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Handling of the debtPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Debt reduction path over five years (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Fiscal rulesPhilippecreation: Golden rule on deficit control in the Constitution, by referendum (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
School
- Pupils per class, primaryPhilippedecrease: Reduce class sizes where necessary, with no numerical target (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanndecrease: Fewer pupils per class in primary school, after pay, no target (public statement by the candidate)
- Teachers' payPhilippeincrease: +20% in average pay over the five-year term (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Pay rise first, no amount (public statement by the candidate)
Higher education and research
- Access to higher educationPhilippeother change: Parcoursup « ne marche pas comme ça devrait » [“doesn’t work as it should”], no specific reform (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannother change: Rethink Parcoursup through a consultation (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Research, share of GDPPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: R&D at 3% of GDP in 2030, of which at least 1% public research (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Health
- Where doctors set up practicePhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: Support for setting up practice, mixed practice, group care practices (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Public hospitalsPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: End of fee-for-service pricing in hospitals, better pay for carers (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- End of lifePhilippeother change: Jan. 2025, before the law: reluctant to write assisted dying into law (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannunchanged: PS programme: assisted dying law (since passed), more palliative care (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Housing
- Rent controlsPhilippeother change: Opposed to rent controls (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannother change: Rent controls in areas of high housing pressure (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Social housingPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Higher annual social housing targets, no figure (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Security and justice
- Prisons and sentencesPhilippeincrease: Minimum sentences for the most serious offences (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannother change: Against prison overcrowding: tailored sentences and renovated prisons (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Violence against women and childrenPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Major plan against sexist and sexual violence, one billion euros (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
State and civil service
- Numbers and pay of civil servantsPhilippedecrease: One retirement in three not replaced (750,000 retirements expected) (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: PS programme: pay rises for public employees, tenure for contract staff (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Public broadcastingPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: Strengthen public broadcasting and media independence (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Climate
- Emissions cut by 2030, compared with 1990Philippeother change: « Décarboner au maximum » [“Decarbonise as much as possible”], no numerical target for 2030 (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannunchanged: −55% emissions in 2030 and −90% in 2040, European targets (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Carbon pricePhilippeother change: Carbon price at the borders of the European Union (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Energy renovations per yearPhilippeother change: Climate action focused on freight, renovation and industry (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: MaPrimeRénov’ relaunched and simplified, no quantified target (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Adaptation to climate changePhilippeincrease: Single climate adaptation fund of €2bn a year (Barnier fund and Fonds vert) (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Make adaptation a national mobilisation, more money for fire services (SDIS) (public statement by the candidate)
Energy
- New nuclear reactorsPhilippeincrease: 8 EPRs on top of the 6 already planned, i.e. 14 (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannother change: Build new units on time, no number (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Wind and solarPhilippeunchanged: Develop renewables, with no numerical target (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Multi-year investment plan in renewables (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Existing nuclear fleetPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannunchanged: Ensure the safety of existing nuclear power plants (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Electricity prices, European marketPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Lower prices, part of the bill at production cost, 2024 tax cancelled (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Agriculture and trade
- Floor prices, farm incomePhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmanncreation: Remunerative floor prices, end to circumventions of EGalim (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- PesticidesPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Ban glyphosate, neonicotinoids and the most harmful pesticides (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Common Agricultural PolicyPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: End of per-hectare payments, capped payments (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Free trade agreements (Mercosur)Philippedecrease: Protect the European market against China (quotas, technology transfers) (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanndecrease: Against the EU-Mercosur agreement, mirror measures on agricultural imports (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Industry and investment
- Additional public investment, per yearPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: More public investment, national and local, for the transition (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Industrial aid and reshoringPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: Public procurement geared towards buying local (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Transport
- Everyday transportPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Ticket climat: single fixed-fare pass, first for young and precarious people (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- RailPhilippeincrease: Launch « un grand plan fret-ferroviaire » [“a major rail freight plan”], with no amount (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
Institutions
- Voting system for legislative electionsPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmanncreation: Immediate proportional representation, preferably by regional constituencies (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Citizens' initiative referendum (RIC)PhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmanncreation: Citizens’ initiative for local and national referendums (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Article 49.3 and revision of the ConstitutionPhilippeother change: Against extending the Article 11 referendum; revise via Article 89 (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanndecrease: Investiture of the Prime Minister and constructive no-confidence vote, end of Article 49.3 (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Voting agePhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Voting at 16, probably only in local elections (ambiguous sentence) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Immigration
- Labour immigration and residence permitsPhilippecreation: Immigration halved, quotas, family reunification suspended (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Regularise undocumented workers (public statement by the candidate)
- Right of asylumPhilippedecrease: Safe countries voted yearly, end of asylum for life; suspended in Mayotte and Guyane (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Right to work from registration of the asylum application (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Birthright citizenship and nationalityPhilippedecrease: Suspend birthright citizenship (droit du sol) in Mayotte (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
Europe and defence
- Place in the European UnionPhilippeincrease: Deepen Europe towards « souveraineté européenne intégrale » [“full European sovereignty”] (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Federal leap: qualified majority instead of veto, own resources increased tenfold (public statement by the candidate)
- Defence budgetPhilippeincrease: LPM « de la massification » [“of massification”]; 250,000 reservists, 50,000 volunteers a year (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Support for UkrainePhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: More aid to Ukraine, funded by the €210bn of frozen Russian assets (public statement by the candidate)
Overseas territories
- High cost of living overseasPhilippeother change: In La Réunion, replace the octroi de mer with another tax instrument (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Cap the prices of basic necessities (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Status and autonomy of the territoriesPhilippeNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: New Caledonia: return to the spirit of the Nouméa Accords (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
The gaps for this pair have not yet been classified by the editors (opposed, same direction, convergence): the comparison shows who takes a position, and the two positions can be read side by side.
* encoding being checked; ‡ encoding contested by the candidate’s team; — not addressed.
p. 14: page of the programme; stmt: public statement by the candidate, outside a written programme; assoc.: words of an associate, which do not formally commit the candidate; party: document of the candidate’s party or movement, distinct from a presidential programme.