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costing

Éric Zemmour’s positions: what we were able to cost

15 costed positions out of 32 recorded (47%), plus 2 status quo at zero cost. The amounts below apply only to them: they say nothing about the positions that the cost schedule cannot cost.

No programme released. Positions taken from public statements, words of associates or documents of the candidate’s party, each dated and sourced; last recorded on 18 October 2026.

What these figures are worth Éric Zemmour’s profile

Economic model claimed

Cut spending by at least €140bn a year (Sarah Knafo's plan, which he adopts: civil service, benefits reserved for French nationals, agencies, EU) to cut taxes and charges, « dépenser moins pour taxer moins » [“spend less to tax less”]; end of CSG on earned income and of inheritance tax.

Summary by the editors, without judgement, based on the candidate’s words quoted below. The site validates no economic model. Quotes checked on 15 October 2026.

Announced effects

Effects announced by the candidate, not checked by the editors. They are not added to any amount on the site.

  • Net pay of working people raised by 10% by abolishing the CSG« Une mesure révolutionnaire : la suppression de la CSG sur les revenus d’activité. C’est 10 % de salaire net en plus pour tous les actifs, sans un centime de coût du travail en plus. »

    Translation by the editorsA revolutionary measure: abolishing the CSG on earned income. That means 10% more net pay for all working people, without a single centime more in labour costs.

    Le JDD, entretien sur son livre « Le Casse du siècle », 29 August 2026. Words of Sarah Knafo, MEP, Reconquête. Words of an associate, which do not formally commit the candidate.    10 % of net pay
  • Nearly €250 a month for an employee on the median wage« Près de 250 euros par mois pour Nicolas, 500 pour son foyer. C’est la plus forte hausse collective de pouvoir d’achat de la Ve République. »

    Translation by the editorsNearly 250 euros a month for Nicolas, 500 for his household. It is the largest collective increase in purchasing power of the Fifth Republic.

    Le JDD, entretien sur son livre « Le Casse du siècle », 29 August 2026. Words of Sarah Knafo, MEP, Reconquête. Words of an associate, which do not formally commit the candidate.    250 € per month (employee on the median wage)
  • Better effect on the deficit and on growth than the government's budget« Au total, les mesures que je propose baissent les prélèvements obligatoires de 20 milliards et la dépense publique de 80 milliards, alors que le budget Lecornu augmente les prélèvements obligatoires de 40 milliards et la dépense publique de 29 milliards. Mon plan d’urgence présente un meilleur impact à la fois contre le déficit et pour la croissance. »

    Translation by the editorsIn total, the measures I propose lower compulsory levies by 20 billion and public spending by 80 billion, whereas the Lecornu budget raises compulsory levies by 40 billion and public spending by 29 billion. My emergency plan has a better impact both against the deficit and for growth.

    Presse Agence, reprise de la tribune « contre-budget » de Sarah Knafo (contre-budget de Reconquête au PLF 2026), 26 October 2025. Words of Sarah Knafo, MEP, Reconquête. Words of an associate, which do not formally commit the candidate.    no amount
  • Return of prosperity through the end of inheritance tax and the CVAE (company value-added contribution)« Supprimons les impôts de succession et la CVAE, cet impôt tellement contre-productif, avant de supprimer tous les impôts de production. C’est le meilleur moyen de renouer avec la prospérité. »

    Translation by the editorsLet us abolish inheritance taxes and the CVAE, that so counterproductive tax, before abolishing all production taxes. It is the best way to return to prosperity.

    Presse Agence, reprise de la tribune « contre-budget » de Sarah Knafo (contre-budget de Reconquête au PLF 2026), 26 October 2025. Words of Sarah Knafo, MEP, Reconquête. Words of an associate, which do not formally commit the candidate.    no amount

Effects on households

No simulated measure: no position of Éric Zemmour is costed in the cost schedule in a form that the calculation engine applies to the income of the eight model households (which does not mean that they change nothing for them). My household: the positions and the reason, candidate by candidate.

The public accounts

How to read these amounts. These are static costs and revenues, with no feedback effect, over a full year: nothing on growth, employment or the revenue that economic activity would gain or lose. A higher net cost does not on its own make a worse policy, nor net savings a better one: each programme rests on an economic model (demand-led stimulus, lower compulsory levies, consolidation of the public accounts…) that the cost schedule does not settle. GDP itself measures a volume of activity, not well-being or the usefulness of what is produced. Economic models and feedback effects.

New spending
€0bn
Revenue cuts
€28bnfrom €26bn to €31bn
New revenue
€0.07bn
Savings
€62bnfrom €48bn to €84bn
Revenue and savings announced by the candidate, not counted
€8bnthe candidate’s amounts, with no measure the cost schedule can cost; never added
Separately: State lending (debt, not deficit)
−€4.9bnfrom −€9.6bn to −€4.9bn

No sum published. We only add up these totals if at least 60% of the costable essential levers carry a position of the candidate whose cost is known (costed, including by extrapolation, or status quo; a position costed only in part counts for half). Here: 8.5 out of 41 (21%: 11 levers of known cost, 5 of them costed in part). Below that, a sum would compare unrelated scopes from one candidate to another. The totals remain published: each one applies only to the positions it counts.

Annual order of magnitude, in billions of euros, over a full year, compared with current policies, with no behavioural effect; each line is in euros of the year of its source (shown on its page); a recalibration on a single price and GDP framework is planned. Each total is a positive amount; line by line, “+” is revenue or a saving for the public accounts, “−” spending or lower revenue. Under each total, the sum of the lower bounds and that of the upper bounds of the lines: the ranges are added bound by bound, which gives an order of magnitude, not a confidence interval.

Line by line

  • Numbers and pay of civil servantsCut 800,000 civil service posts in five years* Outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation (measured range: -150,000 to 150,000 staff). Assumption by the editors. Coefficient calculated by the editors from Sénat, « L'essentiel » sur le PLF 2026, programme « Fonction publique » de la mission « Transformation et fonctions publiques » (page 2): the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. 800,000 fewer posts in five years, through the non-replacement of departures (Sarah Knafo's plan), costed at the average cost of a public employee (bottom of the range at the cost of a local government employee); beyond 150,000 employees (domain measured by the Cour des comptes), linear extrapolation.+€34bn* (outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation)saving, +€22bn to +€50bn
  • Inheritance and gift taxAbolish inheritance tax (2026 counter-budget)−€17bnrevenue cut, −€18bn to −€16bn
  • Taxes on fuel and energyFuel excise cut by a third, end of energy savings certificates (CEE)Assumption by the editors. Partial costing. Coefficient calculated by the editors from Fipeco, Les taxes sur les carburants: the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. « D'un tiers » [“By a third”]: a third of the average rate used in the cost schedule (63 c€/l), i.e. −21 c€/l excluding VAT; the « 27 centimes » [“27 centimes”] cited include VAT on the excise duty (petrol). The abolition of the energy savings certificates (« à peu près 15 centimes » [“about 15 centimes”] according to him), which are not public revenue, is not costed. The central coefficient counts VAT on the excise duty only for the share paid by households (63.5% of road fuel excise, SDES 2022): that paid by businesses is recoverable, that paid by households is a real revenue loss.−€11bnrevenue cut, −€13bn to −€9.9bn
  • New nuclear reactors6 EPRs by 2035 and 14 by 2045* Outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation (measured range: 0 to 6 reactors). Assumption by the editors. Coefficient calculated by the editors from EDF, communiqué du 18 décembre 2025, « EDF shares its forecasted cost estimate of the EPR2 programme for €72.8bn » (copie d'archive du 13 octobre 2026, le site renvoyant une erreur 403): the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. Central value brought down to the smallest amount: 2032 financing need acknowledged as overestimated beyond the six EPR2s of the PPE3, disbursed later than the coefficient assumes (2027 to 2038); lower bound: EDF's December 2025 estimate, 60% financed by a State loan paid out over 12 years (€0.61bn per reactor). Fourteen EPR2s by 2045, i.e. eight more than the six in the PPE3. Beyond the six EPR2s of the PPE3, the cost schedule's coefficient (disbursements spread from 2027 to 2038) is extrapolated linearly: it probably overstates the 2032 financing need, as the later reactors are disbursed later. State loan: weighs on the debt, displayed separately from the balance.−€4.9bn* (outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation)additional State lending, on the debt, −€9.6bn to −€4.9bn
  • Legal retirement ageRetirement age raised to 65 (« Je dis 64 voire 65 » [“I say 64 or even 65”], then 65)Assumption by the editors. Partial costing. « Je dis 64 voire 65 » [“I say 64 or even 65”], then, in the ensuing debate: « augmenter l'âge pivot de la retraite jusqu'à 65 ans. Je l'assume. […] J'ai dit 64 en 2022 » [“raise the pivot age for retirement to 65. I stand by it. […] I said 64 in 2022”]: 65, read as the legal retirement age (assumption: he says « âge pivot » [“pivot age”]). Timetable not stated: costed at the current pace, the most cautious reading (Cour des comptes scenario, 65 for the 1968 to 1972 cohorts: €4.7bn in 2035), as for the other candidates without a timetable. The Cour costs only the year between 64 and 65, in 2035 and not in 2032; the quarter between 63 years and 9 months (2032 law) and 64 is not counted. This gain and that from the contribution period are added together, minus the share common to both increases (overlap declared in the cost schedule, measured from Cnav data). Overlap with “Contribution period”: the estimated common part (€0.4bn) is withheld from “Contribution period”; this one is counted in full.+€4.7bnsaving
  • RSA (minimum income), amount and conditionsRSA capped at three years to « réduire l'assistanat » [“reduce welfare dependency”]Assumption by the editors. Partial costing. Coefficient calculated by the editors from solidarites.gouv.fr, Revalorisation annuelle au 1er avril 2026: the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. Central value brought down to the smallest amount: gain acknowledged as overestimated, since the recipients exempted by the « sans contrepartie » [“without anything in return”] condition are not removed; the central value is brought down to the lower bound of the costing (at least 37% of recipients, present for five years or more). Reading adopted: the RSA (minimum income) stops being paid after three years to all its recipients (DREES: at least 37% and at most 59% of recipients have been receiving it for three years or more). Not costed: the condition set by the candidate (« sans contrepartie » [“without anything in return”]), and that of Sarah Knafo's plan (recipients « en capacité de travailler » [“able to work”]), which exempt an unmeasured share of recipients. Static: shifts to other benefits and returns to work not counted.+€4.5bnsaving, +€4.5bn to +€7.2bn
  • Contribution periodPeriod could rise from 43 to 44, 45 or 46 years, supplemented by funded pensionsAssumption by the editors. Partial costing. Coefficient calculated by the editors from Service-public.fr, fiche F35063 (durée d'assurance par génération): the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. Central value brought down to the smallest amount: gain acknowledged as overestimated, since the coefficient for the extension is that of 2035 (Cour des comptes), which overstates the 2032 gain; lower bound of the coefficient: €1bn per quarter, an effect reached as early as 2030 according to the Court. Period not settled (« on peut augmenter à 44, 45, 46 ans » [“we can increase to 44, 45, 46 years”]): costed at the most cautious value, 44 years (176 quarters), at the coefficient for the extension costed by the Cour des comptes (four more quarters: €5.2bn in 2035, a horizon that slightly overstates the 2032 gain). 45 or 46 years are not costed. This gain and that from the legal retirement age are added together, minus the share common to both increases (overlap declared in the cost schedule, measured from Cnav data). Of which €0.4bn not added, common base with “Legal retirement age”. For an increase in both age and contribution period, the Cnav (Prisme model) costs, for 2030, in current euros, the age raised by two years at 3 months per generation with the period accelerated by one quarter per generation (€17.7bn), the accelerated period alone (€4.7bn) and the age raised by three years at 4 months per generation (€18.8bn): report annexed to the amending social security financing bill for 2023, table 5, page 27. The age alone raised by two years at 3 months per generation is not costed there: in 2030, it has reached three-quarters of the increase at 4 months per generation, hence 18.8 × 3/4 = €14.1bn. Common part: 14.1 + 4.7 − 17.7 ≈ €1.1bn, i.e. 8% of the gain from age (1.1 / 14.1) and 23% of that from the period (1.1 / 4.7). Editors' calculations.+€3.6bnsaving, +€3.6bn to +€4.8bn; €0.4bn more, costed, not added
  • Place in the European UnionEU budget brought back to its pre-Covid level (Knafo plan, €14bn)Assumption by the editors. Measure from Sarah Knafo's plan (budget2027.fr), which the candidate calls « la matrice de mon programme économique » [“the matrix of my economic programme”]: counted as his position. Reading adopted: the French contribution brought back to its pre-Covid level, the levy executed in 2019 (€21.025bn), expressed in 2026 euros using the Insee consumer price index (all households, France): 2025 average relative to the 2019 average, 120.95 / 104.23 = 1.1604 (base 2015, series 001759970), then average of the first nine months of 2026, 101.88 (base 2025, series 011814630), i.e. a deflator of 1.1822: €24.86bn, against €28.44bn voted for 2026, i.e. a gain of €3.58bn, the reduction being assumed to be obtained. Other reading, the 2019 level in current euros (€21.025bn): a gain of €7.41bn, upper bound of reading, not adopted (it compares 2019 euros with 2026 euros). The plan's €14bn is probably compared with the proposed 2028-2034 framework (€38bn on average), which has not been adopted.+€3.6bnsaving
  • Public broadcastingPrivatise public broadcasting (Knafo plan)Assumption by the editors. Coefficient calculated by the editors from AN, rapport spécial PLF 2026, Médias, livre et industries culturelles ; Avances à l'audiovisuel public (D. Masséglia): the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. Measure from Sarah Knafo's plan (budget2027.fr), which the candidate calls « la matrice de mon programme économique » [“the matrix of my economic programme”]: counted as his position. Scope not stated, read as for all: at least France Télévisions and Radio France (€3.0bn net, central value and lower bound), at most all the companies (€3.88bn). Transition costs, any compensated public service obligations and the one-off proceeds of the sales are not counted.+€3bnsaving, +€3bn to +€3.9bn
  • Personal housing benefits (APL)Abolish housing benefit (APL) for foreignersAssumption by the editors. Coefficient calculated by the editors from AN, rapport spécial PLF 2026, Logement et hébergement d'urgence: the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. Reading adopted: personal housing aid abolished for households whose recipient is a foreign national. Rule common to the candidates who reserve a benefit for French nationals (decision of 18 October 2026), on €16.5bn of housing aid (2025, excluding APL for non-EU students who do not hold means-tested grants, already abolished): lower bound, share of foreigners in the population (9.1% in 2025, Insee), €1.5bn; upper bound and central value, share of spending paid to non-EU households (16.4%, ministerial answer of 2023), €2.7bn, which does not count European Union nationals. Sarah Knafo's plan puts all non-contributory benefits reserved for French nationals at €15bn to €20bn (measure 3), an amount shown on the “family allowances” position. Legal compliance not assessed (principle of equality, European Union law, bilateral social security agreements), as elsewhere in the cost schedule. Central value at the upper bound, and not at the lower bound as for family allowances: for APL (housing benefit), the share of spending paid to foreign households is published (16.4%, ministerial answer of 2023), a direct measure of the quantity costed, and it is a minimum for a measure that targets all foreigners (Union nationals excluded); for family allowances, no share is published (upper bound pending from the Cnaf), and the range comes down to the lower bound. The possible retention of households in which one member is French, not measured, would work in the opposite direction. Same rule for both candidates.+€2.7bnsaving, +€1.5bn to +€2.7bn
  • Energy renovations per yearAbolish the Agence nationale de l'habitat (Knafo plan, €6bn)* Outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation (measured range: 91,374 homes only). Assumption by the editors. Partial costing. Coefficient calculated by the editors from Chiffres clés de l'Anah 2024 (DREAL Corse): the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. Abolition of the Anah read as the end of the aid it pays (MaPrimeRénov'): only major renovations are costed, not single-measure aid or aid to co-owned buildings.+€2.4bn* (outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation)saving, +€1.1bn to +€3.3bn
  • State medical aid (Aide médicale de l'État)Abolish state medical aid (AME) (Knafo plan, €1.3bn)Assumption by the editors. Coefficient calculated by the editors from Sénat, commission des affaires sociales, L'Essentiel PLF 2026 « Santé » (avis Florence Lassarade): the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. Measure from Sarah Knafo's plan (budget2027.fr, measure 17), which the candidate calls « la matrice de mon programme économique » [“the matrix of my economic programme”]: counted as his position.+€1.8bnsaving, +€1.7bn to +€2.1bn
  • Family allowancesFamily allowances, RSA and APL reserved for French nationals (Knafo plan)Assumption by the editors. Partial costing. Coefficient calculated by the editors from solidarites.gouv.fr, Revalorisation annuelle au 1er avril 2026: the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. Measure from Sarah Knafo's plan (budget2027.fr, measure 3), which the candidate calls « la matrice de mon programme économique » [“the matrix of my economic programme”]: counted as his position. Only family allowances are costed here; APL are costed in the candidate's position on that lever; the RSA and the other non-contributory benefits targeted are not costed. Rule common to the candidates who reserve a benefit for French nationals (decision of 18 October 2026): lower bound, share of foreigners in the population (9.1% in 2025, Insee) × family allowance spending (€13.9bn in 2025), €1.27bn; upper bound, share of allowances paid to foreign recipients, which neither the Cnaf nor the Drees publishes: upper bound pending from the Cnaf, taken as equal to the lower bound (partial costing). Legal compliance not assessed (principle of equality, European Union law, bilateral social security agreements), as elsewhere in the cost schedule.+€1.3bnsaving
  • Emergency shelterEmergency shelter closed to foreigners in an irregular situation (Knafo plan)Assumption by the editors. Coefficient calculated by the editors from AN, rapport spécial PLF 2026, Logement et hébergement d'urgence: the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. Measure from Sarah Knafo's plan (budget2027.fr, measure 19), which the candidate calls « la matrice de mon programme économique » [“the matrix of my economic programme”]: counted as his position. Places freed up: 39,000 people in an irregular administrative situation in general emergency accommodation in 2024, low estimate by the IGF, the IGAS and the IGA (spending review of May 2025, SI-SIAO data; median estimate 52,000, high 78,000), at the average cost of a place. Static: shifts to other schemes (hospital, day centres) are not counted. Compliance with the principle of unconditional reception (Article L. 345-2-2 of the code de l'action sociale et des familles, to be amended) not assessed.+€0.4bnsaving, +€0.3bn to +€0.6bn
  • University tuition feesTuition fees for foreign students (Knafo plan, €4bn)Assumption by the editors. Coefficient calculated by the editors from IGF-IGESR, Modèle économique des établissements publics de l'enseignement supérieur (vie-publique): the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. Measure from Sarah Knafo's plan (budget2027.fr, measure 16), which the candidate calls « la matrice de mon programme économique » [“the matrix of my economic programme”]: counted as his position. Reading adopted, the most cautious: non-EU students all pay the differentiated fees (€2,895 for a bachelor's degree, €3,941 for a master's), with no exemption, i.e. at most €0.07bn a year beyond the decree of 19 May 2026; European Union nationals remain at the national rate (EU law). Other reading: charging the full cost of studies (€12,460 per university student in 2024, Insee-DEPP), for which the text gives no scale. Static: fall in enrolments not counted.+€0.07bnnew revenue
  • Corporate income taxAbolish the corporate income tax surcharge on large companies (2026 counter-budget)€0bnzero cost
  • Production taxesAbolish the CVAE, then all production taxes (2026 counter-budget)Partial costing. Measure from Reconquête's counter-budget to the PLF 2026, drafted by Sarah Knafo, which the candidate presents as « le programme Reconquête » [“the Reconquête programme”] (LCI, 29 October 2025): counted as his position. The abolition of the CVAE is already scheduled for 2030: zero cost in 2032 compared with current policies. The abolition of « tous les impôts de production » [“all production taxes”] (€132.8bn in 2025), announced for later, with no timetable or list, is not costed. The op-ed puts the total of its cuts in levies at €20bn.€0bnzero cost

* Outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation. The proposed value lies outside the range the source measured; the amount extends its coefficient in a straight line and counts in the totals. 3 extrapolated lines:

Overlaps

Partial withdrawals. These positions partly overlap another position of the candidate: the cost schedule estimates the share of each that falls within the common base, and only this common part is withheld from the smaller of the two. The rest is counted; the line is marked partial.

Proposed by their party or associates, not taken up

Proposed by their party or associates, not taken up by the candidate personally: costed and shown, never added. It enters the totals on the day the candidate takes it up.

  • CSG (general social contribution)Abolish CSG on earned income (Sarah Knafo's book)Measure from the book by Sarah Knafo (« Le Casse du siècle »), MEP and vice-president of Reconquête, which no statement by Éric Zemmour takes up (check of 18 October 2026: he promoted the book and wants, with her, €140bn of spending cuts, without mentioning the CSG). Costed under the rule of 18 October 2026 on measures of the candidate's associates, shown separately, never added: €100.7bn revenue loss at the centre, net of the income tax due on the deductible part, €111bn gross (2025 yield).−€101bnnot added

Amounts announced by the candidate

The amounts that Éric Zemmour puts forward, with the direction given to them (“+”: gain for the public accounts, “−”: cost). They are never added to the totals or to each other. The gap with our calculation is only given when both cover the same scope: not for a position that is not costed, costed in part, based on an assumption by the editors, or whose amount is the candidate’s own, taken as is; and only when the announcement falls outside the range of our calculation (otherwise: “within the range”).

  • Wind and solar« 8 milliards en supprimant les soutiens publics aux énergies renouvelables » [“8 billion by abolishing public support for renewable energies”] (counter-budget, October 2025); same amount in Sarah Knafo's 2026 plan (budget2027.fr, measure 6: « Fin de l'engagement de soutien public aux énergies renouvelables intermittentes » [“End of the commitment to public support for intermittent renewable energies”], €8bn).Position not costed. Quoted, not counted.+€8bngain for the public accounts
  • Announced savings« un plan avec Sarah Knafo […] de 140 milliards de baisses » [“a plan with Sarah Knafo […] of 140 billion in cuts”] (BFMTV, 17 September 2026); Sarah Knafo's plan, which he calls « la matrice de mon programme économique » [“the matrix of my economic programme”], puts them at « 140 milliards d'économies par an, au minimum » [“140 billion in savings per year, at a minimum”], in 24 costed measures (budget2027.fr).Position not costed. Amount to be read in the quote.—direction to be read in the quote
  • Taxes on fuel and energy« ces 12 milliards, on les compense par des baisses de dépenses » [“these 12 billion, we offset them with spending cuts”] (BFMTV, 17 September 2026, amount taken from the journalist's question); « Je propose de baisser d'un tiers cette accise, ça fait à peu près 12 milliards » [“I propose cutting this excise duty by a third, that comes to about 12 billion”] (CNews and Europe 1, « La France en face », 19 May 2026)Our calculation: −€11bn per year. No gap calculated: costing based on an assumption by the editors.−€12bncost to the public accounts
  • RSA (minimum income), amount and conditions« Limiter le RSA […] sans contrepartie, à 3 ans, 4 milliards 8 » [“Limiting the RSA […] with nothing required in return, to 3 years: 4.8 billion”] (BFMTV, 17 September 2026); Sarah Knafo's plan (budget2027.fr, measure 4): « Limitation à trois ans de l'allocation RSA pour les bénéficiaires en capacité de travailler » [“Three-year limit on the RSA allowance for recipients able to work”], €4.8bn.Our calculation: +€4.5bn per year. No gap calculated: costing based on an assumption by the editors.+€4.8bngain for the public accounts
  • Numbers and pay of civil servantsSarah Knafo's plan (budget2027.fr, measure 1): « Non-remplacement de 800 000 départs administratifs sur l'ensemble du quinquennat, sur 2,3 millions de départs naturels » [“Non-replacement of 800,000 administrative departures over the whole five-year term, out of 2.3 million natural departures”], €40bn.Our calculation: +€34bn per year. No gap calculated: costing based on an assumption by the editors.+€40bngain for the public accounts
  • Family allowances€15bn to €20bn of savings for the whole of measure 3 of the plan (RSA, APL, family allowances and other non-contributory benefits reserved for French nationals).Our calculation: +€1.3bn per year. Amount to be read in the quote.—direction to be read in the quote
  • Tax and social security fraud€2bn to €3bn of savings (Sarah Knafo's plan, measure 5).Position not costed. Amount to be read in the quote.—direction to be read in the quote
  • Public broadcasting« 4 Md€ + cession d’actifs » [“€4bn + sale of assets”] (Sarah Knafo's plan, measure 21).Our calculation: +€3bn per year. No gap calculated: costing based on an assumption by the editors.+€4bngain for the public accounts
See the 5 other announced amounts
  • Energy renovations per year€6bn of savings for the abolition of the Anah (Sarah Knafo's plan, measure 8).Our calculation: +€2.4bn per year. No gap calculated: the announcement covers a different scope or a different year.+€6bngain for the public accounts
  • State medical aid (Aide médicale de l'État)€1.3bn of savings for ending state medical aid (AME) (Sarah Knafo's plan, measure 17).Our calculation: +€1.8bn per year. No gap calculated: costing based on an assumption by the editors.+€1.3bngain for the public accounts
  • University tuition fees€4bn of savings for ending free tuition for foreign students (Sarah Knafo's plan, measure 16); the October 2025 counter-budget announced 3 (« 3 milliards en décidant de faire payer leurs études aux étudiants étrangers » [“3 billion by deciding to make foreign students pay for their studies”]).Our calculation: +€0.07bn per year. No gap calculated: costing based on an assumption by the editors.+€4bngain for the public accounts
  • Emergency shelter€0.7bn of savings (Sarah Knafo's plan, measure 19).Our calculation: +€0.4bn per year. No gap calculated: costing based on an assumption by the editors.+€0.7bngain for the public accounts
  • Place in the European Union€14bn of savings (Sarah Knafo's plan, measure 15).Our calculation: +€3.6bn per year. No gap calculated: costing based on an assumption by the editors.+€14bngain for the public accounts

What these amounts cover

15 costed positions out of 32 (47%); 11 essential levers costed out of 41
Costed positions
15 out of 3247% of the positions recorded
Status quo, zero cost
2current law maintained or zero amount, counted separately
Extrapolated, not added
3, 0extrapolated: counted and marked *; not added: entirely covered by another position; plus 1 partial withdrawal (common base)
On costable levers
15 out of 2560%; the other levers are compared without being costed
Essential levers costed
11 out of 41costable ★ levers of the grid with a known cost: costed (including in part, by extrapolation or not added) or status quo; 21 ★ addressed out of 57
Assumptions, partial costings
14 assumptions, 7 partial costingsflagged line by line
  • Still not costed: 2 positions on revenue levers (taxes, levies) and 6 positions on spending levers, for lack of a sourced coefficient that applies to them without interpretation.
  • 7 positions concern levers with no direct budgetary cost (institutions, rules, objectives).

Positions not costed

15 positions, each with its reason

15 positions. For each, the reason: lever with no coefficient in the cost schedule, or position that matches no measure costed without interpretation.

  • Wind and solarNot costedEnd of public support for renewables, €8bn (2026 counter-budget)Abolition of subsidies without saying whether it breaks existing contracts. If so, compensation for producers, not costed, would offset most of the gain; if not, the gain depends on future unsupported volumes, which the text does not give.
  • Common Agricultural PolicyLever that cannot be costedPut production back at the heart of the CAPLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
  • Article 49.3 and revision of the ConstitutionLever that cannot be costedLater statute to prevail over treaties (Article 55), QPC abolishedLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
  • End of lifeLever that cannot be costedRepeal the assisted dying lawLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
  • Announced savingsNot costed€140bn of spending cuts (Sarah Knafo's plan)Target of €140bn: it is compared with the sum of the costed measures, it is not added to it.
  • Funded shareNot costedGradual shift from pay-as-you-go to funded pensionsTimetable and share of funded pensions not specified: nothing to cost.
  • Secularism (laïcité)Lever that cannot be costedBan the veil and the kippah in public spacesLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
  • Labour immigration and residence permitsLever that cannot be costedSend back illegal immigrants and foreigners, even legally resident, unemployed for a yearLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
  • Level of public spendingLever that cannot be costedPublic spending brought down from 57% to 50% of GDPLevel target (public spending brought down from 57% to 50% of GDP, €140bn of cuts announced with Sarah Knafo): it is compared with the sum of the costed measures, it is not added to it.
  • Prisons and sentencesNot costedRestore minimum sentences, abolish the sentence enforcement judgeMinimum sentences: their cost depends on the number of additional prisoners, which no source read estimates.
  • Right of asylumNot costedEffective removal of rejected asylum seekers (« remigration »)Removal of rejected asylum seekers with no volume or resources: no source estimates its effect on the number of applications or its cost.
  • Free trade agreements (Mercosur)Lever that cannot be costedHas rallied to « l'exception agriculturelle » [“the agricultural exception”] defended by the Coordination ruraleLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
  • CSG (general social contribution)Costed, proposed by their party or associates: not taken up, not addedAbolish CSG on earned income (Sarah Knafo's book)
  • Tax and social security fraudNot costedFight against benefit fraud, benefits withdrawn from offenders (Knafo plan)Target of €2bn to €3bn with no detailed enforcement resources: the cost schedule costs revenue recovered on the basis of the resources committed, not a target.
  • Ability groups, organisation of lower secondary schoolNot costedEnd of the collège unique, early streaming into manual tradesEnd of the collège unique and early streaming, with no organisation of tracks or resources announced: nothing to cost.

What this costing does not measure

  • Growth and employmentThe effect of the measures on activity and employment, and the revenue gained or lost as a result; it depends on the economic model used: models and feedback effects.
  • Education, health, researchLong-term effects on human capital, productivity and innovation.
  • InequalityThe distribution of gains and losses across the whole population, beyond the eight model households.
  • Public servicesWhat new spending or savings change in the quality of the services provided and in access to them.
  • Environment and climateEffects on emissions, natural resources and adaptation to climate change.
  • Sovereignty and external dependenceEffects on the country’s dependence on other countries: energy, industry, defence, supplies.
  • Interest rates on the debtThe effect of a programme on the terms on which the State borrows, which also depend on the make-up of the holders of its debt.

The rules and the full cost schedule, with its sources: the method.