Institutions, Marine Le Pen
Article 49.3 and revision of the Constitution: Only the people may amend the Constitution, without MPs or senators
Direction of change: change of another kind, or uncertain direction, compared with current law.
The lever. Article 49.3 (adoption of a law without a vote, unless there is a motion of censure) and other changes to the Constitution, up to a new Republic. Direction rule: ↑ greater executive powers over Parliament.
« Je pense que la Constitution est la loi suprême du peuple français et […] que seul le peuple français devrait pouvoir la modifier, cette Constitution. Pas les députés, pas les sénateurs, pas les députés avec les sénateurs. […] J'intégrerai dans ma réforme constitutionnelle le fait que seul le peuple peut modifier la Constitution. »1Translation by the editorsI think that the Constitution is the supreme law of the French people and […] that only the French people should be able to amend it, this Constitution. Not the MPs, not the senators, not the MPs together with the senators. […] I will include in my constitutional reform the fact that only the people can amend the Constitution.
Words of Marine Le Pen, Chaîne YouTube officielle de Marine Le Pen, entretien sur LCI, « Objectif 2027 » (vidéo, transcription de la rédaction), 16 September 2026. Position taken from public statements, not from a written programme.
No programme released. Positions taken from public statements, words of associates or documents of the candidate’s party, each dated and sourced; last recorded on 18 October 2026.
Encoding
No cost-schedule parameter for this position: see the costing for the reason.
Costing
Announced by the candidate
not announced
The cited source does not cost this measure.
Published costings
none
No external costing of this position recorded to date.
Our calculation
lever that cannot be costed
Lever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Current law, sources and limits of the cost schedule
Current law. Article 49 para. 3 of the Constitution: the Prime Minister may, after deliberation by the Council of Ministers, make the passing of a text an issue of the Government's responsibility. Since the 2008 revision, this is possible only for finance bills and social security financing bills, plus one other text per session. Revision of the Constitution: article 89, either by referendum or by Congress with a 3/5 majority.
Horizon. Not applicable.
Limits. Procedural lever, with no direct budgetary effect. A revision adopted by referendum costs the price of a vote: see the ric lever (€0.1bn to €0.2bn per vote).
- Constitution, texte en vigueur (Conseil constitutionnel): « Art. 49 al. 3 : « Le Premier ministre peut, après délibération du conseil des ministres, engager la responsabilité du Gouvernement » ; art. 89 al. 3 : « Toutefois, le projet de révision n'est pas présenté au référendum lorsque le Président de la République décide » »
How to read these amounts. These are static costs and revenues, with no feedback effect, over a full year: nothing on growth, employment or the revenue that economic activity would gain or lose. A higher net cost does not on its own make a worse policy, nor net savings a better one: each programme rests on an economic model (demand-led stimulus, lower compulsory levies, consolidation of the public accounts…) that the cost schedule does not settle. GDP itself measures a volume of activity, not well-being or the usefulness of what is produced. Economic models and feedback effects.
- Chaîne YouTube officielle de Marine Le Pen, entretien sur LCI, « Objectif 2027 » (vidéo, transcription de la rédaction), 16 September 2026. Words of Marine Le Pen. Position taken from public statements, not from a written programme. Read the source (Chaîne YouTube officielle de Marine Le Pen, entretien sur LCI, « Objectif 2027 » (vidéo, transcription de la rédaction)).
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