Déchiffrer 2027

FREN

Housing, Bruno Retailleau

Personal housing benefits (APL): APL refocused, including those of foreign students and well-off families

Direction of change: decrease, compared with current law.

The lever. Benefits paid to tenants and to some home buyers to pay for their housing: amount, calculation, eligible groups. Direction rule: ↑ higher benefits.

« 200 millions sur les APL des étudiants étrangers hors Union européenne non boursiers, et 200 à 300 millions sur celles des étudiants issus des familles les plus aisées. […] Les aides personnelles au logement seront recentrées. »1

Translation by the editors200 million on the APL of non-scholarship foreign students from outside the European Union, and 200 to 300 million on those of students from the wealthiest families. […] Personal housing benefits will be refocused.

Encoding

No cost-schedule parameter for this position: see the costing for the reason.

Costing

Announced by the candidate

amount not broken down

Amount announced with no readable annual amount for this position alone: « 200 millions sur les APL des étudiants étrangers hors Union européenne non boursiers » [“200 million on the housing benefit (APL) of foreign students from outside the European Union who do not hold grants”] (abolition already in force since 1 July 2026), « et 200 à 300 millions sur celles des étudiants issus des familles les plus aisées » [“and 200 to 300 million on that of students from the wealthiest families”]

Published costings

none

No external costing of this position recorded to date.

Our calculation

not costed

Refocusing of the APL with no rate schedule. The measure costed by the candidate on students from the wealthiest families (€200m to €300m) has no equivalent in the cost schedule, which only costs a change in the whole APL scale; the one on non-EU students without grants (€200m) has already been in force since 1 July 2026.

Current law, sources and limits of the cost schedule

Current law. Programme 109: €16.1bn in the PLF 2026 (€16.7bn in 2025). Scale frozen in 2026 (« année blanche »), for a saving of €108m. APL abolished for non-EU students who are not grant holders as of 1 July 2026, for a saving of €200m in a full year.

Horizon. full year 2032, €bn/year

Limits. Option reserve-francais (decision of 18 October 2026, same rule for all candidates who reserve a benefit for French nationals), on personal housing aid spending in 2025 (€16.7bn, PLF 2027) minus the APL (housing benefit) for students from outside the EU who do not hold means-tested grants, already abolished (€0.2bn), i.e. €16.5bn: lower bound, share of foreigners in the population (9.1% in 2025, Insee), €1.50bn; upper bound and central value, share of spending paid to non-EU households (16.4%, 2023 ministerial answer to written question no. 5530, with no reference date, end of 2022 according to other sources), €2.71bn. Nationals of the European Union are not included in this share: for a measure targeting all foreigners, the upper bound remains a minimum. Legal compliance not assessed (principle of equality, European Union law), as elsewhere in the cost schedule. Static calculation: 1% of €16.1bn. Restoring APL for students from outside the EU who do not hold means-tested grants costs €0.2bn in a full year (Senate): dedicated option. Cost schedule coefficient calculated by the editors. The saving from the freeze (€108m) relates to an October uprating, hence to one quarter in 2026: it is not comparable with a full-year cost. APL for home ownership (APL accession): €50m according to the Senate (2019), which does not specify the year of the costing; aid paid over the life of the loan accumulates from one generation of buyers to the next, so the steady-state cost is probably higher. Not updated.

How to read these amounts. These are static costs and revenues, with no feedback effect, over a full year: nothing on growth, employment or the revenue that economic activity would gain or lose. A higher net cost does not on its own make a worse policy, nor net savings a better one: each programme rests on an economic model (demand-led stimulus, lower compulsory levies, consolidation of the public accounts…) that the cost schedule does not settle. GDP itself measures a volume of activity, not well-being or the usefulness of what is produced. Economic models and feedback effects.

This lever in the method · Costing for Bruno Retailleau

  1. Projet Retailleau, mesure n°73 « Financer les bailleurs qui construisent et qui rénovent ». Read the programme page.

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