head to head
Two programmes side by side
Loading the comparison…
Direction of change, relative to current law: increase; decrease; unchanged; abolition of a scheme; creation of a scheme; change of another kind, or uncertain direction.
Wages and SMIC (minimum wage)
- Net monthly SMIC (minimum wage)RetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: €1,600 net within two years (2025 plan, not reconfirmed in 2026) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Reductions in social contributions on low wagesRetailleauincrease: €30bn less in contributions a year, half employees, half businessesGlucksmannNo position recorded
- In-work benefit (prime d'activité)Retailleauother change: Replaced by an incentive income, reduced by 30% of earnings in workGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Profit sharing (participation, intéressement)Retailleauincrease: Abolishes the employer contribution on employee share ownershipGlucksmannother change: PS programme: profit-sharing ≥ dividends; contributions on high incomes (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Unemployment
- Unemployment, work period required to qualify for benefitsRetailleauincrease: June 2024 rules applied, recharging of rights raised to 9 or 12 monthsGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Unemployment, max. benefit durationRetailleaudecrease: June 2024 rules, negotiated terminations compensated for 6 months at mostGlucksmannincrease: Repeal Macron’s unemployment insurance reform (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Benefit amount and taperingRetailleaudecrease: Benefit capped, faster tapering above €3,000 netGlucksmannincrease: Repeal Macron’s unemployment insurance reform (read as the 2019-2021 one) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Obligations of jobseekersRetailleauincrease: Refusing a third reasonable offer ends compensationGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Governance of unemployment insuranceRetailleauother change: Rebalanced governance: Unédic, social partners and regionsGlucksmannNo position recorded
Working time and labour law
- Statutory working timeRetailleauother change: Working time negotiated by company or sector, with no reference to the 35 h (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- OvertimeRetailleauincrease: Overtime free of contributions beyond 1,623 h/year, tax exemption keptGlucksmannNo position recorded
Minimum incomes and benefits
- RSA (minimum income), amount and conditionsRetailleaudecrease: RSA replaced: €300/month, €550 with 15 h of training or job-seekingGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: unconditional RSA, paid automatically (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Family allowancesRetailleauother change: €240/month per child from the first, if five years of workGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Automatic payment, single social allowanceRetailleaucreation: Single social account, total benefits capped at 70% of net SMIC per adultGlucksmannNo position recorded
Early childhood and old age
- Nurseries and childcareRetailleauother change: Micro-crèches aligned with MAMs (childminder centres), with no new spendingGlucksmannincrease: Public early-childhood service, enforceable right to childcare (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Old age and long-term careRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: A Grand Âge (old age) law, more staff in care homes (EHPAD), better-paid jobs (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Age and contribution period
- Legal retirement ageRetailleaudecrease: Minimum age of 63, with a 7% reduction per yearGlucksmanndecrease: 62 after repeal of the 2023 reform, no return to 60 (public statement by the candidate)
- Contribution periodRetailleauother change: Automatic full rate at 65, even without all the quartersGlucksmannunchanged: PS programme: 43 years of contributions, reduced according to job arduousness (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Long careersRetailleaudecrease: Started early: full rate from 63, end of early departures before 63GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Arduous workRetailleauother change: Arduous work handled by sector: adjusted end of career from 63Glucksmannincrease: Arduous work: earlier retirement for wearing jobs, later for some executives (public statement by the candidate)
Taxation of pensioners
Organisation of the system
Income tax and CSG
- Income tax scaleRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Differential contribution on the highest incomes (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- CSG (general social contribution)RetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Lower the CSG on wages, funded by large inheritances (public statement by the candidate)
- Family quotientRetailleauabolition: Family quotient abolished, merged into a family income of €240 per childGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Flat-rate levy on capital (flat tax)RetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: PFU raised to 34%, end of the wiping out of unrealised capital gains (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Tax expenditures, subsidies and fraud
- Tax and social security expendituresRetailleaudecrease: End over 5 years of the corporate tax exemption for social landlordsGlucksmanndecrease: Abolish ineffective tax expenditures, with no list (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Public aid to businessesRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: Redirect the €211bn of public aid to businesses (public statement by the candidate)
- Tax and social security fraudRetailleauincrease: €9bn expected from fighting fraud: 5 tax and benefits fraud, 4 socialGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: more staff and tools against tax fraud (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Wealth and inheritance
- Wealth tax (IFI, ISF)Retailleauunchanged: Against the Zucman tax, listed among the left’s « chantages » [“blackmail”] (LR, 2025) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)Glucksmannincrease: Tax the largest fortunes (public statement by the candidate)
- Inheritance and gift taxRetailleaudecrease: Cut inheritance tax as far as possible (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Tax the top 1% of inheritances; Place publique: end of the Dutreil pact (encoding being checked) (public statement by the candidate)
Consumption
- VATRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: End of VAT exemptions for polluting transport (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Taxes on fuel and energyRetailleaudecrease: Electricity taken out of energy savings certificates: −5% on the billGlucksmannunchanged: No general cut in petrol taxes; energy voucher extended (€4bn) (public statement by the candidate)
Business taxation
- Corporate income taxRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: PS programme: corporate income tax made progressive, in favour of SMEs (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Taxation of digital giants and multinationalsRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Targeted rise in the GAFAM tax, no rate given, for a digital agency (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Production taxesRetailleaudecrease: C3S and CVAE abolished, industrial CFE exempted, forfait social overhauledGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Windfall profits and share buybacksRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Tax oil companies’ windfall profits to fund fuel aid (public statement by the candidate)
- Financial transaction taxRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: global tax on financial transactions (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Debt and public spending
- Public deficit targeted for 2032Retailleaudecrease: Deficit below 3% from 2031 (2.8%), 2.2% of GDP in 2032Glucksmannother change: Deficits cut over five years by a « contrat de stabilité » [“stability contract”], no target (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Level of public spendingRetailleaudecrease: « Grand coup de frein » [“Slamming the brakes”] on public spending, with no tax rises (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Announced savingsRetailleauincrease: €197bn of savings in 2032: €146bn to the deficit, €51bn given backGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Handling of the debtRetailleaudecrease: Primary surplus from 2030, debt falling after its 2030 peakGlucksmanndecrease: Debt reduction path over five years (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Fiscal rulesRetailleaucreation: 2011 golden rule by referendum: framework laws, annual spending ceilingGlucksmannNo position recorded
Local authorities
School
- Pupils per class, primaryRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Fewer pupils per class in primary school, after pay, no target (public statement by the candidate)
- Teachers' payRetailleauincrease: +€135 net at the start of a career, around +€300 mid-careerGlucksmannincrease: Pay rise first, no amount (public statement by the candidate)
- Ability groups, organisation of lower secondary schoolRetailleauincrease: End of the single lower secondary school: entrance exam for 6e, ability groupsGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Funding of private schoolsRetailleauincrease: End of school catchment rules and of the unwritten 80-20 public/private ruleGlucksmannNo position recorded
Higher education and research
- Access to higher educationRetailleauincrease: Selection for university through an overhauled ParcoursupGlucksmannother change: Rethink Parcoursup through a consultation (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- University tuition feesRetailleauincrease: No more automatic fee exemption for non-European students (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Research, share of GDPRetailleauother change: Public research concentrated on seven strategic sectorsGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: R&D at 3% of GDP in 2030, of which at least 1% public research (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Health
- Where doctors set up practiceRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: Support for setting up practice, mixed practice, group care practices (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Public hospitalsRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: End of fee-for-service pricing in hospitals, better pay for carers (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- End of lifeRetailleauother change: Against the assisted dying bill, calls for a referendum (May 2026) (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannunchanged: PS programme: assisted dying law (since passed), more palliative care (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Housing
- Rent controlsRetailleauabolition: Abolish rent controlsGlucksmannother change: Rent controls in areas of high housing pressure (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Social housingRetailleaudecrease: End of SRU quotas: local targets in volume, none in low-pressure areasGlucksmannincrease: Higher annual social housing targets, no figure (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Personal housing benefits (APL)Retailleaudecrease: APL refocused, including those of foreign students and well-off familiesGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Home ownershipRetailleauincrease: PTZ (zero-rate loan) for all first-time buyers, new and old, no zoningGlucksmannNo position recorded
Security and justice
- Prisons and sentencesRetailleauincrease: Mandatory minimum sentences for the most serious offencesGlucksmannother change: Against prison overcrowding: tailored sentences and renovated prisons (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Juvenile justiceRetailleauincrease: Age of criminal responsibility lowered to fifteenGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Violence against women and childrenRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Major plan against sexist and sexual violence, one billion euros (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
State and civil service
- Numbers and pay of civil servantsRetailleaudecrease: 400,000 retiring staff not replaced, for €25bn of savingsGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: pay rises for public employees, tenure for contract staff (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Public broadcastingRetailleaudecrease: €2.6bn of savings on culture and media, public broadcasting includedGlucksmannother change: Strengthen public broadcasting and media independence (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Climate
- Emissions cut by 2030, compared with 1990RetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannunchanged: −55% emissions in 2030 and −90% in 2040, European targets (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Carbon priceRetailleauincrease: Carbon border mechanism strengthened and extendedGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Energy renovations per yearRetailleauabolition: MaPrimeRénov' abolished (€2bn), a « relais » [“successor”] announced without detailGlucksmannincrease: MaPrimeRénov’ relaunched and simplified, no quantified target (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Adaptation to climate changeRetailleauincrease: Adaptation ecology: equip schools, crèches, hospitals, Ehpad; store water (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Make adaptation a national mobilisation, more money for fire services (SDIS) (public statement by the candidate)
Energy
- New nuclear reactorsRetailleauincrease: 8 EPR2s more than the first 6, if their construction goes wellGlucksmannother change: Build new units on time, no number (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Wind and solarRetailleaudecrease: No more solar or offshore wind tenders, existing contracts honouredGlucksmannincrease: Multi-year investment plan in renewables (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Existing nuclear fleetRetailleauincrease: Extend power plants to 80 years, horizon set from the outsetGlucksmannunchanged: Ensure the safety of existing nuclear power plants (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Electricity prices, European marketRetailleauother change: Contract for difference between EDF and suppliers, CRE reference priceGlucksmanndecrease: Lower prices, part of the bill at production cost, 2024 tax cancelled (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Agriculture and trade
- Floor prices, farm incomeRetailleauincrease: Share of raw materials ring-fenced in negotiationsGlucksmanncreation: Remunerative floor prices, end to circumventions of EGalim (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- PesticidesRetailleauincrease: End of the Ecophyto −50% target, case-by-case authorisationGlucksmanndecrease: Ban glyphosate, neonicotinoids and the most harmful pesticides (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Common Agricultural PolicyRetailleauother change: European CAP, national ceilings guaranteed for seven yearsGlucksmannother change: End of per-hectare payments, capped payments (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Free trade agreements (Mercosur)Retailleaudecrease: Reciprocity clauses imposed in all trade agreementsGlucksmanndecrease: Against the EU-Mercosur agreement, mirror measures on agricultural imports (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Industry and investment
- Additional public investment, per yearRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: More public investment, national and local, for the transition (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Industrial aid and reshoringRetailleauincrease: France Production fund of €600m a yearGlucksmannother change: Public procurement geared towards buying local (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Transport
Institutions
- Voting system for legislative electionsRetailleauunchanged: Hostile to proportional representation for legislative elections (LR chair, June 2025) (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanncreation: Immediate proportional representation, preferably by regional constituencies (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Citizens' initiative referendum (RIC)Retailleauincrease: Art. 11 widened; shared-initiative referendum at 2.5 million signatures (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanncreation: Citizens’ initiative for local and national referendums (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Article 49.3 and revision of the ConstitutionRetailleauother change: Constitutional pact put to referendum from autumn 2027 (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanndecrease: Investiture of the Prime Minister and constructive no-confidence vote, end of Article 49.3 (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Voting ageRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Voting at 16, probably only in local elections (ambiguous sentence) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Immigration
- Labour immigration and residence permitsRetailleaucreation: Quotas for visas and residence permits set by lawGlucksmannincrease: Regularise undocumented workers (public statement by the candidate)
- Right of asylumRetailleaudecrease: Asylum applications examined outside the borders, after constitutional revisionGlucksmannincrease: Right to work from registration of the asylum application (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- State medical aid (Aide médicale de l'État)Retailleaudecrease: AME reduced to essential care and minors (€0.7bn expected)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Birthright citizenship and nationalityRetailleauabolition: Abolition of simple birthright citizenship written into the ConstitutionGlucksmannNo position recorded
Europe and defence
- Place in the European UnionRetailleauother change: Set aside EU law outside treaty powers, « ni un Frexit » [“nor a Frexit”]Glucksmannincrease: Federal leap: qualified majority instead of veto, own resources increased tenfold (public statement by the candidate)
- Support for UkraineRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: More aid to Ukraine, funded by the €210bn of frozen Russian assets (public statement by the candidate)
Overseas territories
- High cost of living overseasRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Cap the prices of basic necessities (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Status and autonomy of the territoriesRetailleauNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: New Caledonia: return to the spirit of the Nouméa Accords (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Society
The gaps for this pair have not yet been classified by the editors (opposed, same direction, convergence): the comparison shows who takes a position, and the two positions can be read side by side.
* encoding being checked; ‡ encoding contested by the candidate’s team; — not addressed.
p. 14: page of the programme; stmt: public statement by the candidate, outside a written programme; assoc.: words of an associate, which do not formally commit the candidate; party: document of the candidate’s party or movement, distinct from a presidential programme.