François Ruffin: costing

Economic model claimed

« Travaillisme écologique » (ecological labourism): mobilise capital and labour, on Roosevelt's model, for a planned ecological reconstruction; reduce the trade deficit (fossil fuels, imported goods) and reinvest those sums in France for jobs; decarbonisation is meant to free up fiscal room.

Summary by the editors, without judgement, based on the candidate’s words quoted below. The site validates no economic model. Quotes checked on 15 October 2026.

« Notre méthode, face à ce défi, c’est le travaillisme écologique. Notre modèle, c’est ce qu’a fait le président américain Roosevelt. Dès 1942, engagé dans la guerre contre le Japon fasciste et l’Allemagne nazie, lui canalise tous les capitaux, la main-d’œuvre, les talents, les énergies des États-Unis en une direction : remporter la guerre. Nous devons aujourd’hui opérer le même basculement, la même mobilisation générale face au réchauffement climatique, face au défi écologique. »
Translation by the editorsOur method, in the face of this challenge, is ecological labourism. Our model is what the American president Roosevelt did. From 1942, engaged in the war against fascist Japan and Nazi Germany, he channels all the capital, the workforce, the talents, the energies of the United States in one direction: winning the war. Today we must carry out the same shift, the same general mobilisation in the face of global warming, in the face of the ecological challenge.
nouspresident.fr, cahier « Face au chantier du siècle : pour un travaillisme écologique ».
« La réduction du déficit commercial peut être notre boussole pour reconstruire une société plus écologique, économiquement et socialement plus durable. […] Réduire ces importations, c’est autant d’argent à réinvestir pour reconstruire une économie écologique sur notre territoire, et créer des emplois. »
Translation by the editorsReducing the trade deficit can be our compass for rebuilding a society that is more ecological, economically and socially more sustainable. […] Reducing these imports means that much money to reinvest in rebuilding an ecological economy on our territory, and creating jobs.
nouspresident.fr, cahier « Face au chantier du siècle : pour un travaillisme écologique ».
« Tourner cette page est donc une urgence climatique, économique et sociale. Investir dans la décarbonation permettra de dégager des marges de manœuvre budgétaires pour améliorer nos conditions de vie. »
Translation by the editorsTurning this page is therefore a climate, economic and social emergency. Investing in decarbonisation will free up fiscal room for manoeuvre to improve our living conditions.
nouspresident.fr, cahier « Face au chantier du siècle : pour un travaillisme écologique ».

Announced effects

Effects announced by the candidate, not checked by the editors. They are not added to any amount on the site.

500,000 to 800,000 jobs by reinvesting the fossil fuel bill in France« Si l’on parvenait à s’émanciper complètement des énergies fossiles importées et à réinvestir ces sommes dans notre économie, nous pourrions créer entre 500 000 et 800 000 emplois ! »
Translation by the editorsIf we managed to free ourselves completely from imported fossil fuels and to reinvest those sums in our economy, we could create between 500,000 and 800,000 jobs!
nouspresident.fr, cahier « Face au chantier du siècle : pour un travaillisme écologique ».no amount
More than 250,000 jobs (direct and indirect) through housing renovation« Ces +20 milliards d’euros par an impliquent environ 200 000 emplois supplémentaires dans la filière, principalement dans les entreprises de travaux, mais également dans la distribution et la fabrication (des isolants, ouvertures et systèmes de chauffage). Soit au total plus de 250 000 ETP supplémentaires en incluant les emplois indirects (services aux entreprises de la filière, véhicules et outillages, etc.). »
Translation by the editorsThese +20 billion euros a year imply about 200,000 additional jobs in the sector, mainly in construction firms, but also in distribution and manufacturing (of insulation, doors and windows and heating systems). That is, in total, more than 250,000 additional FTEs including indirect jobs (services to the sector's businesses, vehicles and tools, etc.).
nouspresident.fr, cahier « Face à la crise du logement : faire sauter le verrou ».250,000 full-time equivalent jobs (for +€20bn of works a year)
Tax and social contribution revenue generated by renovation work« En effet, plus de 95% des revenus supplémentaires sont générés en France selon l’Ademe, ce qui aboutit à des ratios d’emplois élevés et à des recettes fiscales et sociales massives liées à ces investissements. »
Translation by the editorsIndeed, more than 95% of the additional income is generated in France according to Ademe, which results in high job ratios and massive tax and social contribution revenue linked to these investments.
nouspresident.fr, cahier « Face à la crise du logement : faire sauter le verrou ».no amount
Health costs avoided by renovating a third of energy-inefficient homes« À l’échelle du pays, rénover un tiers des passoires thermiques (1,3 million de logements) permettrait d’éviter près de 10 milliards d’euros de coûts économiques et sociaux, liés aux personnes malades du froid et de l’humidité de leur logement. »
Translation by the editorsAcross the country, renovating a third of energy-inefficient homes (1.3 million dwellings) would avoid nearly 10 billion euros of economic and social costs linked to people made ill by the cold and damp of their homes.
nouspresident.fr, cahier « Face au chantier du siècle : pour un travaillisme écologique ».10 €bn (period not specified)

Effects on households

Annual difference in disposable income compared with current law, simulated measures of François Ruffin, in euros
Model household	Current lawdisposable income	François Ruffin *1 simulated measure
Single female employee on the SMIC	€20,492	+€770
Single mother, one child, half-time	€21,355	+€544
Couple, two children, average income	€47,724	+€879
Couple of managers, one child	€92,423	€0
Single local government employee, category C	€24,859	€0
Couple, two children, one primary school teacher	€50,117	+€1,247
Single pensioner, small pension	€15,194	€0
Well-off pensioner couple	€51,418	€0

Eight model households, annual disposable income, calculated with OpenFisca-France for only the measures the engine can simulate (1 measure). A zero difference means that these measures do not affect this household, not that the programme changes nothing for it. *: at least one simulated measure rests on a reading by the editors. The detail, household by household, and the comparison with the other candidates.

The public accounts

How to read these amounts. These are static costs and revenues, with no feedback effect, over a full year: nothing on growth, employment or the revenue that economic activity would gain or lose. A higher net cost does not on its own make a worse policy, nor net savings a better one: each programme rests on an economic model (demand-led stimulus, lower compulsory levies, consolidation of the public accounts…) that the cost schedule does not settle. GDP itself measures a volume of activity, not well-being or the usefulness of what is produced. Economic models and feedback effects.

New spending: €53bnfrom €34bn to €59bn
Revenue cuts: €4.6bnfrom €3.1bn to €6.1bn
New revenue: €29bnfrom €24bn to €36bn
Savings: €0.02bn

No sum published. We only add up these totals if at least 60% of the costable essential levers carry a position of the candidate whose cost is known (costed, including by extrapolation, or status quo; a position costed only in part counts for half). Here: 6 out of 41 (15%: 7 levers of known cost, 2 of them costed in part). Below that, a sum would compare unrelated scopes from one candidate to another. The totals remain published: each one applies only to the positions it counts.

Annual order of magnitude, in billions of euros, over a full year, compared with current policies, with no behavioural effect; each line is in euros of the year of its source (shown on its page); a recalibration on a single price and GDP framework is planned. Each total is a positive amount; line by line, “+” is revenue or a saving for the public accounts, “−” spending or lower revenue. Under each total, the sum of the lower bounds and that of the upper bounds of the lines: the ranges are added bound by bound, which gives an order of magnitude, not a confidence interval.

Line by line

LeverPositionEffect on the public accounts, per year
Legal retirement ageRetirement at 60, Nouveau Front populaire measure taken up* Outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation (measured range: 62 to 64 years). Assumption by the editors. Coefficient calculated by the editors from COR, Rapport annuel juin 2026, Synthèse: the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. Central value raised to the largest amount: cost acknowledged to be underestimated: below 62, linear extrapolation does not count the higher cost of each year of age (about €10bn per year of age from 60 to 62 according to the 2010 impact assessment, as per the cost schedule); upper bound of the coefficient: €9bn per year of age. Retirement at 60, costed at this value; below 62 (the range measured by the sources), linear extrapolation, which underestimates the cost (about €10bn per year of age from 60 to 62 according to the 2010 impact assessment, as cited in the cost schedule). Contribution period assumption adopted: the quote does not call for a return to 40 years of contributions; the contribution period remains that of current law (172 quarters), and the period is not costed. Central value raised to the upper bound of the coefficient, €9bn per year of age: editors' calculation based on the Institut Montaigne (2022: €27bn gross gain in 2032 for the age raised from 62 to 65, divided by 3), the page giving no figure per year. External benchmark, not counted: the Institut Montaigne (2024 legislative elections, Nouveau Front populaire) costs at €58bn a year by 2027 (49 to 67) a package that adds to the return to 60 the 40 years of contributions and the full-rate age (€27bn, with the cancellation of the 2023 reform, €8.2bn), the minimum contributory pension at the SMIC level (€13.9bn), validated years on RSA (€8.4bn) and the minimum old-age income (€0.7bn): €35.2bn for age and contribution period alone. Same treatment as Fabien Roussel's position.−€34bn^{* (outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation)}new spending, −€34bn to −€22bn
Wealth tax (IFI, ISF)Voted for the Zucman tax, « 2 % d'impôt sur les patrimoines » [“2% tax on wealth”]Assumption by the editors. Reading adopted: the vote, recalled in a rally speech, for the Zucman tax (bill adopted by the Assembly in February 2025: 2% minimum tax on wealth above €100m), whose rejection he was still blaming on the government in October 2025 (question to the Government No. 894), counts as a proposal of this scheme; the €100m threshold, which the quote does not repeat, is that of the text voted. The Zucman tax (2% minimum tax on wealth above €100m) is costed at the high end of the estimates, €15bn to €25bn (about 20), that of its promoters (Gabriel Zucman, Assembly report No. 930 and Senate report No. 689); the administration has not simulated it; estimates taking account of exile, tax optimisation or the deduction of corporate income tax are much lower (€2bn to €5bn).+€20bnnew revenue, +€15bn to +€25bn
Energy renovations per yearOne million renovations a year, 600,000 of them major; €15bn a year* Outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation (measured range: 91,374 homes only). Assumption by the editors. Partial costing. Coefficient calculated by the editors from Chiffres clés de l'Anah 2024 (DREAL Corse): the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. The amount is the cost of the target of 600,000 major renovations a year once reached, at the current average public aid for a major renovation (€26,100; lower bound: €11,800, average aid in jointly owned buildings), same method as for Marine Tondelier and Fabien Roussel. This is not the announced budget: the envelope of €15bn a year is a total, including current aid and energy savings certificates. Not counted: the direct contribution of energy companies to the Anah budget that would replace these certificates (more than €8bn a year, currently paid by energy suppliers, off budget), new revenue that would finance part of the spending, for lack of a lever in the grid; the other 400,000 renovations a year; the target of 800,000 major renovations in the longer term (booklet « Pour un travaillisme écologique »).−€13bn^{* (outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation)}new spending, −€18bn to −€6.1bn
Net monthly SMIC (minimum wage)€1,600, Nouveau Front populaire measure taken upAssumption by the editors. Coefficient calculated by the editors from legisocial, Montant du SMIC 2026: the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. « SMIC à 1 600€ » [“SMIC at €1,600”] read as a net monthly amount, that of the Nouveau Front populaire programme (2024) which the text claims as its reference; the booklet does not specify net or gross, and €1,600 gross would be below the current SMIC (€1,867 gross).−€4.6bnrevenue cut, −€6.1bn to −€3.1bn
Taxation of digital giants and multinationalsCo-signed amendment: GAFAM tax at 6%, 15% above €2bn of global turnover* Outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation (measured range: 3% only). Assumption by the editors. Partial costing. Coefficient calculated by the editors from PLF 2027, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome I (pages 24, 25, 29 et 30): the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. Central value brought down to the smallest amount: amount acknowledged as overestimated, the €2bn threshold and the 6% rate for liable companies that remain below it not being modelled (the authors of the amendment expect about €1.9bn more than today); lower bound of the coefficient: yield of one point according to the revised forecast for 2026 (€906m ÷ 3). Increased rate of 15% (groups whose worldwide turnover exceeds €2bn), applied to all liable companies, as for the 15% amendment co-signed by Gabriel Attal and Olivier Becht; costed at the average yield of one point at the current rate of 3% (coefficient calculated by the editors from the PLF 2027 forecast): linear extrapolation, which ignores the reaction of liable companies. Not modelled: the €2bn threshold and the 6% rate for liable companies that remain below it, whose share of the tax's proceeds is not published; the amount is overestimated accordingly. The authors of the amendment expect from it a total yield of €2.6bn to €2.7bn, i.e. about €1.9bn more than today, much less than this costing.+€3.6bn^{* (outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation)}new revenue, +€3.6bn to +€3.9bn
Windfall profits and share buybacks4% tax on dividends paid, put to a referendumAssumption by the editors. Coefficient calculated by the editors from Assemblée nationale, question au Gouvernement n° 203 (Charles de Courson), 2017: the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. Tax payable by companies on the dividends they pay: the 3% contribution on amounts distributed brought in €1.8bn per year from 2013 to 2017; at 4%, €2.4bn (editors' calculation; the 2% rate below €10m distributed and the rise in dividends since 2017 work in opposite directions, not costed). The measure would be put to a referendum. The former contribution was struck down by the Conseil constitutionnel (2017); legal compliance not assessed, as elsewhere in the cost schedule.+€2.4bnnew revenue
Adaptation to climate changeClimate emergency plan: firefighters, Canadair, Barnier fund raised to €1bnAssumption by the editors. Partial costing. Candidate’s amount, taken as is. Reading adopted: human resources €1bn a year (amount announced for 2032), equipment €0.3bn a year and Barnier fund +€0.7bn (from €300m to €1bn), i.e. €2bn a year more than current resources. Not costed, for lack of an amount: aid to farmers (national solidarity compensation from 30% losses, €5,000 per affected farmer), free psychological support, the « reconstruction écologique » (ecological reconstruction) grant, the resources of the water agencies and the coverage of fires by the natural disasters scheme.−€2bnnew spending
Tax and social security expendituresEnd of allowances for furnished lets and on capital gains other than main residencePartial costing. Holding-period allowance abolished except for the main residence, inflation-adjusted capital gain taxed at current rates: €1.9bn according to the Cour des comptes (November 2025, 2022 transactions, excluding a fall in sales), €1.5bn to €3.0bn as a range. The candidate expects « au moins 3 milliards d'euros » [“at least 3 billion euros”] from it, the upper bound. Not costed: the furnished-rentals component (allowances and depreciation abolished, occasional rentals taxed at least twice as much, affordable rentals taxed less), with no amount.+€1.9bnnew revenue, +€1.5bn to +€3bn
Social housing200,000 public homes with regulated rents a yearAssumption by the editors. Coefficient calculated by the editors from AN, rapport spécial PLF 2026, Logement et hébergement d'urgence (F. Jolivet): the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. The candidate costs the short-term return to pre-2018 public support at « +2 à 3 milliards d’euros par an » [“+€2bn to €3bn a year”], to be amplified later, and finances it in particular by ending the allowance on real estate capital gains (“Tax and social security expenditures” lever, at least €3bn announced, not counted).−€1.6bnnew spending, −€1.7bn to −€1.4bn
Violence against women and childrenVoted for the comprehensive law, which he co-signed, and its €3bn a year of appropriationsAssumption by the editors. Partial costing. Candidate’s amount, taken as is. The candidate voted for the text, of which he was a co-signatory. Article 68 of the comprehensive law voted at first reading by the National Assembly (13 October 2026) programmes €3,000m of appropriations a year from 2027 to 2032: a total amount of appropriations, whereas existing spending against sexual and sexist violence is €1.5bn according to the Government (€1bn from the State, €0.5bn from social security, sitting of 9 October 2026). Most cautious reading, the same for all: €3bn read as the total, i.e. €1.5bn a year more than current appropriations (partial costing). Read as an addition, they would be worth €3bn; the Government estimates the cost of the law's measures, in the long run, at between €3bn and €4bn on top of existing spending. The text is not final.−€1.5bnnew spending
Financial transaction taxCo-signed amendment: TTF (financial transaction tax) at 0.6%, extended to derivatives and intraday* Outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation (measured range: 0.3% to 0.4%). Assumption by the editors. Partial costing. Rate raised from 0.4% to 0.6%, costed at the yield of the last increase costed by the Senate finance committee (€600m for the move from 0.3% to 0.4%, i.e. €0.6bn per 0.1 point): beyond 0.4%, linear extrapolation, which ignores the fall in the volume of transactions. The amendment announces « plusieurs centaines de millions d'euros supplémentaires » [“several hundred million euros more”] for the rate increase alone, less than this costing. Not costed: the extension of the base to intraday transactions and to derivatives.+€1.2bn^{* (outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation)}new revenue
State grants to local authorities« Salle des fêtes » plan (village halls): €1bn a year for five yearsAssumption by the editors. Candidate’s amount, taken as is. Reading adopted: the plan mainly finances, on application, municipal buildings (village halls, multi-purpose halls, schools open outside school hours); it is counted as an envelope paid to local authorities, at the announced amount (€1bn a year over the five-year term). The share that would go to premises of associations or to association-run services is not distinguished; the « soutiens au fonctionnement » [“operating support”] announced in addition have no amount and are not counted.−€1bnnew spending
Emergency shelter8,000 more emergency shelter places a year in high-demand areasAssumption by the editors. Coefficient calculated by the editors from AN, rapport spécial PLF 2026, Logement et hébergement d'urgence: the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. 8,000 places a year for five years (2028 to 2032), i.e. 40,000 places in 2032.−€0.4bnnew spending, −€0.6bn to −€0.3bn
Announced savings€20m of savings at the Élysée, end of the life annuity for former leadersPartial costing. Candidate’s amount, taken as is. The €20m of savings on the Élysée are read against the State grant to the Presidency. The abolition of the annuity for former presidents and prime ministers is not costed.+€0.02bnsaving
New nuclear reactorsSix EPR2 continued; eight more according to EDF's estimateCoefficient calculated by the editors from EDF, communiqué du 18 décembre 2025, « EDF shares its forecasted cost estimate of the EPR2 programme for €72.8bn » (copie d'archive du 13 octobre 2026, le site renvoyant une erreur 403): the position is marked as an assumption by the editors. Six EPR2s continued: the PPE3 programme. The following eight, depending on the cost estimate, are not counted (conditional commitment).€0bnzero cost
Motorway concessionsEnd of motorway concessions, public pricing and lower tollsAssumption by the editors. Partial costing. Reading adopted: the end of the concessions, with no date, amounts to their takeover when they expire (2031-2036), under direct public management: zero static cost relative to the draft framework law on transport. Other reading: early buyout, €1.2bn to €1.6bn of interest per year (cost-schedule option). Same reading as for Jean-Luc Mélenchon and Marine Tondelier. Not costed: the cut in toll rates, with no rate; each 10% cut costs about €1.3bn per year (cost-schedule option).€0bnzero cost

* Outside the range measured by the source: linear extrapolation. The proposed value lies outside the range the source measured; the amount extends its coefficient in a straight line and counts in the totals. 4 extrapolated lines:

Legal retirement age: 60 years, measured range 62 to 64 years.
Energy renovations per year: 600,000 homes, measured range 91,374 homes only.
Taxation of digital giants and multinationals: 15%, measured range 3% only.
Financial transaction tax: 0.6%, measured range 0.3% to 0.4%.

Amounts announced by the candidate

The amounts that François Ruffin puts forward, with the direction given to them (“+”: gain for the public accounts, “−”: cost). They are never added to the totals or to each other. The gap with our calculation is only given when both cover the same scope: not for a position that is not costed, costed in part, based on an assumption by the editors, or whose amount is the candidate’s own, taken as is; and only when the announcement falls outside the range of our calculation (otherwise: “within the range”).

LeverWhat the candidate saysAnnounced, per year
Tax and social security expenditures« rapportant au moins 3 milliards d’euros par an de recettes publiques supplémentaires » [“bringing in at least €3bn a year of additional public revenue”]Our calculation: +€1.9bn per year. No gap calculated: partial costing.+€3bngain for the public accounts
Social housing« Un retour à la situation d’avant 2018 (soit +2 à 3 milliards d’euros par an) est nécessaire à court terme et devra être amplifié progressivement » [“A return to the pre-2018 situation (i.e. +€2bn to €3bn a year) is necessary in the short term and will have to be gradually amplified”] (public support for social landlords)Our calculation: −€1.6bn per year. Amount to be read in the quote.—direction to be read in the quote
Energy renovations per year« L’ensemble des moyens financiers rassemblés seront renforcés (pour atteindre 15 Mds€/an) » [“All the financial resources brought together will be strengthened (to reach €15bn/year)”]: total envelope for housing renovation, including current aid and energy savings certificates, and not its additional costOur calculation: −€13bn per year. No gap calculated: the announcement covers a different scope or a different year.−€15bncost to the public accounts
Announced savings« Nous ferons 20 millions d’euros d’économies sur le budget de l’Élysée » [“We will make €20m of savings on the Élysée budget”]Our calculation: +€0.02bn per year. Candidate’s amount, taken as is.+€0.02bngain for the public accounts
State grants to local authorities« doté d’un milliard d’euros par an pendant cinq ans » [“endowed with €1bn a year for five years”]Our calculation: −€1bn per year. Candidate’s amount, taken as is.−€1bncost to the public accounts
Violence against women and childrenArticle 68 of the text voted: appropriations of « 3 000 » [“3,000”] million euros a year from 2027 to 2032 for combating sexual, sexist and intra-family violence against women and children.Our calculation: −€1.5bn per year. Candidate’s amount, taken as is.−€3bncost to the public accounts
Adaptation to climate changePlan urgence climat: human resources for firefighters and civil protection « environ 1 milliard d’euros par an à horizon 2032 » [“about €1bn a year by 2032”], equipment « 300 millions d’euros par an » [“€300m a year”], Barnier fund « de 300 millions d’euros en 2026 à 1 milliard d’euros en 2027 » [“from €300m in 2026 to €1bn in 2027”].Our calculation: −€2bn per year. Candidate’s amount, taken as is.−€2bncost to the public accounts
Taxation of digital giants and multinationalsExplanatory statement of the amendment: « elle permettrait d’atteindre un rendement de 2,6 à 2,7 milliards d’euros » [“it would make it possible to reach a yield of €2.6bn to €2.7bn”], compared with « 0,75 à 0,8 milliard d’euros » [“€0.75bn to €0.8bn”] today.Our calculation: +€3.6bn per year. Amount to be read in the quote.—direction to be read in the quote

What these amounts cover

14 costed positions out of 51 (27%); 7 essential levers costed out of 41

Costed positions: 14 out of 5127% of the positions recorded
Status quo, zero cost: 2current law maintained or zero amount, counted separately
Extrapolated, not added: 4, 0extrapolated: counted and marked *; not added: entirely covered by another position
On costable levers: 14 out of 3441%; the other levers are compared without being costed
Essential levers costed: 7 out of 41costable ★ levers of the grid with a known cost: costed (including in part, by extrapolation or not added) or status quo; 24 ★ addressed out of 57
Assumptions, partial costings: 13 assumptions, 8 partial costingsflagged line by line

Still not costed: 6 positions on revenue levers (taxes, levies) and 12 positions on spending levers, for lack of a sourced coefficient that applies to them without interpretation.
17 positions concern levers with no direct budgetary cost (institutions, rules, objectives).

Positions not costed

35 positions, each with its reason

35 positions. For each, the reason: lever with no coefficient in the cost schedule, or position that matches no measure costed without interpretation.

Rent controlsLever that cannot be costedRent controls extended to the whole countryLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Wind and solarNot costedContinue wind power, invest in dams, no quantified targetContinuation of wind power and other renewables with no volume or pace: nothing to cost.
Electricity prices, European marketNot costedExit from the market, cost-based prices, EDF alone for new large plantsTarget price: no budgetary cost as long as the gap with the market price is not compensated by the State; if it is, it becomes spending (benchmark: the 2022-2024 tariff shield, costed by the Cour des comptes). Public production concerns the new large power plants entrusted to EDF, 100% owned by the State: no buyback of existing plants to cost.
PesticidesLever that cannot be costedPhase out synthetic pesticides, no timetableLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Floor prices, farm incomeLever that cannot be costedGuaranteed minimum prices imposed on buyersLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Common Agricultural PolicyLever that cannot be costedFirst-pillar payments based on work, no longer just per hectareLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
High cost of living overseasNot costedCap on air fares to and from the overseas territories (Outre-mer)Cap on air fares with no level or method: zero cost if imposed on airlines, compensation to be paid if it goes through public service obligations; not decided.
Citizens' initiative referendum (RIC)Not costedIntroduce the citizens' initiative referendumInstitutional reform, outside the budget: the number of votes is not set and their cost remains negligible on the scale of the public accounts (a national referendum costs €100m to €200m, Ministry of the Interior, 2025). Rule common to all candidates (decision of 18 October 2026).
Wage increases and indexationLever that cannot be costedIndex wages to inflation, as until 1982Lever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Sunday and night workLever that cannot be costedHours paid double before 8 a.m. and after 6 p.m. (atypical hours)Lever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Arduous workNot costedC2P replaced by one free quarter for every four contributed in an arduous jobPrecise rule (one quarter granted for every four contributed), but the occupations « exposés à la pénibilité » [“exposed to arduous conditions”] are not defined: nothing to cost without a list or headcount.
Survivors' pensionsNot costedExtend survivor's pensions to PACS partnersExtension of survivor's pensions to surviving PACS partners: no recent public base makes it possible to cost it. The number of PACS dissolved by death has not been published since 2016 (730 that year according to the Ministry of Justice, a figure it itself flags as still being updated), and the number of widowed PACS partners meeting the age and resource conditions is not known. The only published costings, old and contradictory, concern the law and the numbers of the time: €0.8bn per year in the general scheme and €0.4bn for State civil servants (ministerial answer, 2007), €7.8bn per year « à terme » [“in the long run”] for the general scheme alone (2012). The COR (pensions advisory council) report of November 2025 on spousal rights does not cost this extension separately. The candidate's written question (no. 14865, 5 May 2026) had no published answer as at 18 October 2026.
Old age and long-term careNot costed25,000 places a year in independent-living residences and inclusive housing25,000 new places per year in independent-living residences and inclusive housing, « éligibles à une version adaptée de l'Aide à la vie partagée » [“eligible for an adapted version of the Aide à la vie partagée”]: the public cost depends mainly on the amount of this adapted allowance, not stated. The shared-living allowance currently goes « jusqu'à 10 000 € par an et par habitant » [“up to €10,000 per year per resident”] according to the project (CNSA): over 125,000 places in 2032, the cost would range from almost nothing to more than a billion euros depending on the amount adopted, with no source to choose. Not costed (112,000 places in independent-living residences exist, Drees, end of 2023). On 29 April 2026 (blog), the candidate considered that « il faut dix milliards d’€ par an » [“ten billion € a year is needed”] to deal with ageing, an observation without commitment, not counted.
Flat-rate levy on capital (flat tax)Not costedCriticises the government for refusing to raise the flat tax (position inferred)Position inferred from a criticism of the government, with no proposed rate: nothing to cost.
Inheritance and gift taxNot costedIn favour of taxing large transfers of wealth more (position inferred)Position inferred from a criticism of the government, with no proposed rate schedule: nothing to cost.
Local taxationNot costedHousing tax on second homes made progressive according to incomeProgressive scale with no rates or thresholds: nothing to cost.
Taxes on fuel and energyNot costedFloating tax on motor fuels, control of prices and marginsFloating tax with no threshold or rule, which falls when the oil price rises and rises again when it falls: its effect on revenue depends on the oil price and partly cancels out over time. Price and margin control has no direct budgetary effect. Nothing to cost in a full year.
Public aid to businessesNot costedBusiness subsidies under the « 3 C » rule: targeting, conditions, controlsConditionality of aid: no static cost or gain that can be costed.
Medical deductiblesNot costedAgainst the doubling of medical deductibles and their extensionOpposition to measures in the PLFSS 2026: the doubling of the amounts was not adopted, the raising of the ceilings (from €50 to €70) has been in force since October 2026 with no published yield, and the position does not say whether it should be cancelled.
Home ownershipLever that cannot be costedDouble the zero-rate loan (average PTZ from about €60,000 to €120,000)Lever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Delegation of public services to the private sectorLever that cannot be costedConsultancy firms only as a last resortLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Industrial aid and reshoringNot costed« 100 produits » [“100 products”] plan to reshore (batteries, heat pumps…)List of products to reshore with no amount of aid: nothing to cost.
Nationalisations and privatisationsNot costedNo privatisation; nationalise strategic companies if necessaryPossible nationalisations of strategic companies, with no list or amount: nothing to cost; refusing privatisations costs nothing.
RailNot costedRail freight tripled, night trains, air traffic halvedTraffic targets (freight tripled, night trains) with no amount of investment or aid: nothing to cost.
Free trade agreements (Mercosur)Lever that cannot be costedBreak with agricultural free trade: quotas and customs barriersLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Place in the European UnionNot costedLimit the Commission's powers, especially in trade policyLimiting the powers of the Commission, with no defined budgetary effect: nothing to cost.
Article 49.3 and revision of the ConstitutionLever that cannot be costedArticle 13: Parliament can block an appointment by simple majorityLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Length and number of terms of officeLever that cannot be costedBan combining a ministerial post with a local executive officeLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Labour immigration and residence permitsLever that cannot be costedRegularise immigrants already here, refuse new labour immigrationLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Secularism (laïcité)Lever that cannot be costedAgainst extending the ban on religious symbols beyond schoolLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Existing nuclear fleetLever that cannot be costedExtend plants' lifetimes as long as the ASNR validates their safetyLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Voting ageLever that cannot be costedRight to vote from 16, « un symbole » [“a symbol”] of listening to young peopleLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Everyday transportNot costedCoaches, on-demand transport and car-sharing to cover the whole territoryDevelopment of coaches, on-demand transport and car-sharing with no scale or amount: the cost schedule only costs fully free urban public transport. The programme also proposes a « billet populaire » [“people's ticket”] « illimité à 29 euros sur le réseau TER national du 1er juillet au 31 août » [“unlimited at 29 euros on the national TER network from 1 July to 31 August”] (booklet « Pour renouer avec le temps des loisirs »): the cost schedule does not have the cost of such a ticket (lost TER revenue, compensation to the regions), not costed.
End of lifeLever that cannot be costedSupports the assisted dying bill, deemed « équilibré » [“balanced”] (February 2026)Lever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.
Access to higher educationLever that cannot be costedAbolish ParcoursupLever with no coefficient in the cost schedule: the position is compared, not costed.

What this costing does not measure

Growth and employmentThe effect of the measures on activity and employment, and the revenue gained or lost as a result; it depends on the economic model used: models and feedback effects.
Education, health, researchLong-term effects on human capital, productivity and innovation.
InequalityThe distribution of gains and losses across the whole population, beyond the eight model households.
Public servicesWhat new spending or savings change in the quality of the services provided and in access to them.
Environment and climateEffects on emissions, natural resources and adaptation to climate change.
Sovereignty and external dependenceEffects on the country’s dependence on other countries: energy, industry, defence, supplies.
Interest rates on the debtThe effect of a programme on the terms on which the State borrows, which also depend on the make-up of the holders of its debt.

The rules and the full cost schedule, with its sources: the method.

François Ruffin’s programme: what we were able to cost