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Direction of change, relative to current law: increase; decrease; unchanged; abolition of a scheme; creation of a scheme; change of another kind, or uncertain direction.
Wages and SMIC (minimum wage)
- Net monthly SMIC (minimum wage)Mélenchonincrease: SMIC raised to €1,700 net (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: €1,600 net within two years (2025 plan, not reconfirmed in 2026) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Wage increases and indexationMélenchoncreation: Index wages to inflation, in the private sector and the civil serviceGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Profit sharing (participation, intéressement)Mélenchonother change: Capped dividends; profit-sharing schemes subject to contributionsGlucksmannother change: PS programme: profit-sharing ≥ dividends; contributions on high incomes (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Unemployment
- Unemployment, work period required to qualify for benefitsMélenchondecrease: Repeal Macron's eligibility rules; entitlement from the first day of workGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Unemployment, max. benefit durationMélenchonincrease: Repeal Macron's unemployment insurance reformsGlucksmannincrease: Repeal Macron’s unemployment insurance reform (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Benefit amount and taperingMélenchonincrease: Repeal Macron's calculation; benefit based on the latest wagesGlucksmannincrease: Repeal Macron’s unemployment insurance reform (read as the 2019-2021 one) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Obligations of jobseekersMélenchonabolition: Repeal the France Travail act and the 15 h of mandatory activityGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Governance of unemployment insuranceMélenchonother change: Prevent the State from drawing on Unédic fundsGlucksmannNo position recorded
Working time and labour law
- Statutory working timeMélenchondecrease: 32 h in arduous or night-work jobs, then by agreement; 35 h « rétablies » [“restored”]GlucksmannNo position recorded
- OvertimeMélenchonincrease: Overtime at +25% (first 4 hours) then +50%, contributions includedGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Sunday and night workMélenchondecrease: Call into question Sunday working authorisationsGlucksmannNo position recorded
Minimum incomes and benefits
- RSA (minimum income), amount and conditionsMélenchonincrease: Autonomy guarantee at the poverty line (€1,216 for a single person)Glucksmannincrease: PS programme: unconditional RSA, paid automatically (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Minimum income for under-25sMélenchoncreation: Autonomy guarantee at the poverty line for all young people in training (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Family allowancesMélenchonunchanged: Rejects reserving family allowances for French nationals (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Automatic payment, single social allowanceMélenchoncreation: Individualise entitlements and automate social benefitsGlucksmannNo position recorded
Early childhood and old age
- Nurseries and childcareMélenchonincrease: Public early-childhood service, 500,000 childcare places in 5 yearsGlucksmannincrease: Public early-childhood service, enforceable right to childcare (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Old age and long-term careMélenchonincrease: 10,000 places a year in public care homes (EHPAD) for 5 years; new funding modelGlucksmannincrease: A Grand Âge (old age) law, more staff in care homes (EHPAD), better-paid jobs (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Age and contribution period
- Legal retirement ageMélenchondecrease: 62 first, then a return to 60 (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanndecrease: 62 after repeal of the 2023 reform, no return to 60 (public statement by the candidate)
- Contribution periodMélenchondecrease: 40 years of contributions for a full-rate pension at 60Glucksmannunchanged: PS programme: 43 years of contributions, reduced according to job arduousness (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Arduous workMélenchonincrease: Reinstate the arduousness factors abolished in 2017, new criteriaGlucksmannincrease: Arduous work: earlier retirement for wearing jobs, later for some executives (public statement by the candidate)
Pension amounts
Taxation of pensioners
Organisation of the system
- Special pension schemes, points-based systemMélenchonunchanged: Rejects a points-based pension system (words of an associate of the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Funded shareMélenchonunchanged: No alternative to pay-as-you-go; funded pensions solve nothing (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
Income tax and CSG
- Income tax scaleMélenchonother change: Income tax schedule with 14 brackets instead of 5Glucksmannincrease: Differential contribution on the highest incomes (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- CSG (general social contribution)Mélenchonother change: Make the CSG progressive with 14 bracketsGlucksmanndecrease: Lower the CSG on wages, funded by large inheritances (public statement by the candidate)
- Family quotientMélenchonabolition: End of the marital and family quotients, tax credit per childGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Flat-rate levy on capital (flat tax)Mélenchonincrease: Abolish the flat tax, tax capital like labourGlucksmannincrease: PFU raised to 34%, end of the wiping out of unrealised capital gains (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Tax expenditures, subsidies and fraud
- Tax and social security expendituresMélenchondecrease: Trim the main tax expenditures (CIR, Dutreil, exemptions…) for €22bn (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanndecrease: Abolish ineffective tax expenditures, with no list (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Public aid to businessesMélenchonother change: Make aid to large companies conditional, repayment if breachedGlucksmannother change: Redirect the €211bn of public aid to businesses (public statement by the candidate)
- Tax and social security fraudMélenchonincrease: Priority to fighting tax fraud, all resources releasedGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: more staff and tools against tax fraud (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Wealth and inheritance
- Wealth tax (IFI, ISF)Mélenchonincrease: Climate ISF (€10bn) and Zucman tax above €100m (€15bn) (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Tax the largest fortunes (public statement by the candidate)
- Inheritance and gift taxMélenchonincrease: Everything taken above €12m inherited, €150,000 exempt; €20bn expected (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Tax the top 1% of inheritances; Place publique: end of the Dutreil pact (encoding being checked) (public statement by the candidate)
- Property taxMélenchonother change: Property tax made progressive according to actual total wealthGlucksmannNo position recorded
Consumption
- VATMélenchonother change: Reduced VAT on essentials, financed by a « TVA grand luxe » [“top-luxury VAT”]Glucksmannincrease: End of VAT exemptions for polluting transport (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Taxes on fuel and energyMélenchonincrease: Abolish tax expenditures on keroseneGlucksmannunchanged: No general cut in petrol taxes; energy voucher extended (€4bn) (public statement by the candidate)
Business taxation
- Corporate income taxMélenchonincrease: Progressive IS, from the current SME rate up to 33% for large companies (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannother change: PS programme: corporate income tax made progressive, in favour of SMEs (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Taxation of digital giants and multinationalsMélenchonincrease: 15% GAFAM tax, multinationals' profits adjusted to turnover in France (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Targeted rise in the GAFAM tax, no rate given, for a digital agency (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Production taxesMélenchonincrease: Restore the share of CVAE abolished for large companies (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Windfall profits and share buybacksMélenchoncreation: Permanent tax on excess profits, extended to all sectorsGlucksmannincrease: Tax oil companies’ windfall profits to fund fuel aid (public statement by the candidate)
- Financial transaction taxMélenchonincrease: Financial transaction tax, €5bn of revenue announced (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: PS programme: global tax on financial transactions (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Debt and public spending
- Public deficit targeted for 2032Mélenchonother change: No % target; €125bn adjustment by 2032, deficit at 5% in 2027 (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannother change: Deficits cut over five years by a « contrat de stabilité » [“stability contract”], no target (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Level of public spendingMélenchonincrease: €81.7bn of new spending from 2027 (amending finance act) (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Handling of the debtMélenchondecrease: Cancel French debt held by the ECB; €25bn to reduce it in 2027 (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanndecrease: Debt reduction path over five years (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Fiscal rulesMélenchondecrease: Stop applying European budget rules, unilaterallyGlucksmannNo position recorded
Local authorities
School
- Pupils per class, primaryMélenchondecrease: Below the European average of 19 pupils, nursery and REP schools firstGlucksmanndecrease: Fewer pupils per class in primary school, after pay, no target (public statement by the candidate)
- Teachers' payMélenchonincrease: Catch-up for the index point frozen since 2010, no figureGlucksmannincrease: Pay rise first, no amount (public statement by the candidate)
- Ability groups, organisation of lower secondary schoolMélenchonabolition: Mixed-ability classes: end of ability groups in lower secondary schoolGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Funding of private schoolsMélenchondecrease: Repeal the loi Carle, funding penalty for segregating private schoolsGlucksmannNo position recorded
Higher education and research
- Access to higher educationMélenchonabolition: Access without selection, end of ParcoursupGlucksmannother change: Rethink Parcoursup through a consultation (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- University tuition feesMélenchonabolition: Free higher education from bachelor's to doctorate, all nationalities, no CVECGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Student supportMélenchonunchanged: €1 meals in all CROUS, in force for all since May 2026GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Research, share of GDPMélenchonincrease: More public investment in research, no figureGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: R&D at 3% of GDP in 2030, of which at least 1% public research (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Health
- Where doctors set up practiceMélenchoncreation: Regulate where doctors set up practiceGlucksmannother change: Support for setting up practice, mixed practice, group care practices (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Public hospitalsMélenchonincrease: €3bn more for hospitals and 10,000 care staff posts (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: End of fee-for-service pricing in hospitals, better pay for carers (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Medical deductiblesMélenchondecrease: Repeal the 2024 increase in medical deductiblesGlucksmannNo position recorded
- End of lifeMélenchonother change: Right to die with dignity and palliative care in the ConstitutionGlucksmannunchanged: PS programme: assisted dying law (since passed), more palliative care (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Housing
- Rent controlsMélenchonincrease: Rent controls everywhere, downwards in large citiesGlucksmannother change: Rent controls in areas of high housing pressure (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Social housingMélenchonincrease: 200,000 public housing units a year for five yearsGlucksmannincrease: Higher annual social housing targets, no figure (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Personal housing benefits (APL)Mélenchonincrease: Raise housing benefit (APL) by 10%GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Emergency shelterMélenchonincrease: €3bn homelessness plan: emergency shelters built, requisitions (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
Security and justice
- Police and gendarmerie numbersMélenchonincrease: More targeted staff (finance, trafficking, mafias), forensic police doubledGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Prisons and sentencesMélenchondecrease: Binding prison regulation mechanism against overcrowdingGlucksmannother change: Against prison overcrowding: tailored sentences and renovated prisons (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Juvenile justiceMélenchonother change: Repeal the juvenile criminal justice code; civil and criminal children's codeGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Resources for the justice systemMélenchonincrease: Plan resources, recruit judges, court clerks, PJJ staffGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Violence against women and childrenMélenchonincrease: €5bn plan against violence against women and children (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Major plan against sexist and sexual violence, one billion euros (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
State and civil service
- Numbers and pay of civil servantsMélenchonincrease: Index point +10%, unfreezing written into lawGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: pay rises for public employees, tenure for contract staff (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Delegation of public services to the private sectorMélenchondecrease: Moratorium on PPPs and repeal of the texts allowing themGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Public broadcastingMélenchoncreation: Introduce a dedicated, universal and progressive broadcasting levyGlucksmannother change: Strengthen public broadcasting and media independence (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Climate
- Emissions cut by 2030, compared with 1990Mélenchonincrease: −65% in 2030 (reference year not specified)Glucksmannunchanged: −55% emissions in 2030 and −90% in 2040, European targets (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Energy renovations per yearMélenchonincrease: At least 700,000 homes insulated a yearGlucksmannincrease: MaPrimeRénov’ relaunched and simplified, no quantified target (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Adaptation to climate changeMélenchonincrease: €10bn adaptation plan: heatwaves, wildfires, drought (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Make adaptation a national mobilisation, more money for fire services (SDIS) (public statement by the candidate)
Energy
- New nuclear reactorsMélenchonabolition: Nuclear phase-out, EPR projects abandonedGlucksmannother change: Build new units on time, no number (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Wind and solarMélenchonincrease: 100% renewable energy in 2050, with sufficiency and efficiencyGlucksmannincrease: Multi-year investment plan in renewables (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Existing nuclear fleetMélenchonabolition: Phase out nuclear power and plan the dismantling of sitesGlucksmannunchanged: Ensure the safety of existing nuclear power plants (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Electricity prices, European marketMélenchondecrease: Regulated tariffs at production cost, energy price freezeGlucksmanndecrease: Lower prices, part of the bill at production cost, 2024 tax cancelled (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Agriculture and trade
- Floor prices, farm incomeMélenchoncreation: Floor prices, ban on sales at a lossGlucksmanncreation: Remunerative floor prices, end to circumventions of EGalim (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- PesticidesMélenchondecrease: Glyphosate and neonicotinoids banned at once, planned reductionGlucksmanndecrease: Ban glyphosate, neonicotinoids and the most harmful pesticides (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Common Agricultural PolicyMélenchonother change: CAP recast towards sustainable production and farm employmentGlucksmannother change: End of per-hectare payments, capped payments (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Free trade agreements (Mercosur)Mélenchondecrease: Veto on new agreements (Mercosur included), repeal of those in forceGlucksmanndecrease: Against the EU-Mercosur agreement, mirror measures on agricultural imports (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Industry and investment
- Additional public investment, per yearMélenchonincrease: €100bn of savings a year towards investment, €500bn in five years (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: More public investment, national and local, for the transition (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Industrial aid and reshoringMélenchonother change: Relocate essential production, emergency anti-dumping measuresGlucksmannother change: Public procurement geared towards buying local (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Nationalisations and privatisationsMélenchonincrease: Reverse privatisations (airports, motorways, FDJ)GlucksmannNo position recorded
Transport
- Everyday transportMélenchonincrease: On-demand public transport outside dense areasGlucksmannincrease: Ticket climat: single fixed-fare pass, first for young and precarious people (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- RailMélenchonother change: Renationalise the SNCF, refuse opening lines to competitionGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Motorway concessionsMélenchonabolition: Renationalise motorways and reverse past price increasesGlucksmannNo position recorded
Institutions
- Voting system for legislative electionsMélenchoncreation: Assembly elected by proportional representationGlucksmanncreation: Immediate proportional representation, preferably by regional constituencies (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Citizens' initiative referendum (RIC)Mélenchoncreation: RIC for recall, legislation, repeal and constitutional changeGlucksmanncreation: Citizens’ initiative for local and national referendums (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Article 49.3 and revision of the ConstitutionMélenchonabolition: Abolish Article 49.3 and the other « votes forcés » [“forced votes”]Glucksmanndecrease: Investiture of the Prime Minister and constructive no-confidence vote, end of Article 49.3 (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Length and number of terms of officeMélenchondecrease: Effective ban on multiple mandates and allowances, including over timeGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Voting ageMélenchondecrease: Right to vote at 16Glucksmanndecrease: Voting at 16, probably only in local elections (ambiguous sentence) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Immigration
- Labour immigration and residence permitsMélenchonincrease: Regularise workers, students and parents; 10-year card as standard permitGlucksmannincrease: Regularise undocumented workers (public statement by the candidate)
- Right of asylumMélenchonincrease: Fully guarantee the right of asylum, every case examinedGlucksmannincrease: Right to work from registration of the asylum application (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- State medical aid (Aide médicale de l'État)Mélenchonunchanged: Guarantee access to the AME (state medical aid)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Birthright citizenship and nationalityMélenchonincrease: Full droit du sol (birthright), restored everywhere, easier access to nationalityGlucksmannNo position recorded
Europe and defence
- Place in the European UnionMélenchonother change: Concerted break with the treaties (plan A); programme applied regardless (plan B)Glucksmannincrease: Federal leap: qualified majority instead of veto, own resources increased tenfold (public statement by the candidate)
- Defence budgetMélenchonother change: Military spending « pas la priorité de notre temps » [“not the priority of our time”] (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- NATOMélenchonabolition: Leave NATO's integrated command, then the organisationGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Support for UkraineMélenchonother change: Diplomatic framework: ceasefire, Russian withdrawal, peace negotiationsGlucksmannincrease: More aid to Ukraine, funded by the €210bn of frozen Russian assets (public statement by the candidate)
Overseas territories
- High cost of living overseasMélenchonincrease: Price and margin controls on essentialsGlucksmannincrease: Cap the prices of basic necessities (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Status and autonomy of the territoriesMélenchonother change: Future of New Caledonia with respect for the referendumsGlucksmannother change: New Caledonia: return to the spirit of the Nouméa Accords (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Society
The gaps for this pair have not yet been classified by the editors (opposed, same direction, convergence): the comparison shows who takes a position, and the two positions can be read side by side.
* encoding being checked; ‡ encoding contested by the candidate’s team; — not addressed.
p. 14: page of the programme; stmt: public statement by the candidate, outside a written programme; assoc.: words of an associate, which do not formally commit the candidate; party: document of the candidate’s party or movement, distinct from a presidential programme.