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Two programmes side by side
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Direction of change, relative to current law: increase; decrease; unchanged; abolition of a scheme; creation of a scheme; change of another kind, or uncertain direction.
Wages and SMIC (minimum wage)
- Net monthly SMIC (minimum wage)ZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: €1,600 net within two years (2025 plan, not reconfirmed in 2026) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Profit sharing (participation, intéressement)ZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: PS programme: profit-sharing ≥ dividends; contributions on high incomes (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Unemployment
- Unemployment, max. benefit durationZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Repeal Macron’s unemployment insurance reform (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Benefit amount and taperingZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Repeal Macron’s unemployment insurance reform (read as the 2019-2021 one) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Minimum incomes and benefits
- RSA (minimum income), amount and conditionsZemmourdecrease: RSA capped at three years to « réduire l'assistanat » [“reduce welfare dependency”] (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: PS programme: unconditional RSA, paid automatically (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Family allowancesZemmourdecrease: Family allowances, RSA and APL reserved for French nationals (Knafo plan) (words of an associate of the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
Early childhood and old age
- Nurseries and childcareZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Public early-childhood service, enforceable right to childcare (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Old age and long-term careZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: A Grand Âge (old age) law, more staff in care homes (EHPAD), better-paid jobs (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Age and contribution period
- Legal retirement ageZemmourincrease: Retirement age raised to 65 (« Je dis 64 voire 65 » [“I say 64 or even 65”], then 65) (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanndecrease: 62 after repeal of the 2023 reform, no return to 60 (public statement by the candidate)
- Contribution periodZemmourincrease: Period could rise from 43 to 44, 45 or 46 years, supplemented by funded pensions (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannunchanged: PS programme: 43 years of contributions, reduced according to job arduousness (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Arduous workZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Arduous work: earlier retirement for wearing jobs, later for some executives (public statement by the candidate)
Taxation of pensioners
Organisation of the system
Income tax and CSG
- Income tax scaleZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Differential contribution on the highest incomes (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- CSG (general social contribution)Zemmourdecrease: Abolish CSG on earned income (Sarah Knafo's book) (words of an associate of the candidate)Glucksmanndecrease: Lower the CSG on wages, funded by large inheritances (public statement by the candidate)
- Flat-rate levy on capital (flat tax)ZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: PFU raised to 34%, end of the wiping out of unrealised capital gains (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Tax expenditures, subsidies and fraud
- Tax and social security expendituresZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Abolish ineffective tax expenditures, with no list (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Public aid to businessesZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: Redirect the €211bn of public aid to businesses (public statement by the candidate)
- Tax and social security fraudZemmourincrease: Fight against benefit fraud, benefits withdrawn from offenders (Knafo plan) (words of an associate of the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: PS programme: more staff and tools against tax fraud (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Wealth and inheritance
- Wealth tax (IFI, ISF)ZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Tax the largest fortunes (public statement by the candidate)
- Inheritance and gift taxZemmourabolition: Abolish inheritance tax (2026 counter-budget) (words of an associate of the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Tax the top 1% of inheritances; Place publique: end of the Dutreil pact (encoding being checked) (public statement by the candidate)
Consumption
- VATZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: End of VAT exemptions for polluting transport (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Taxes on fuel and energyZemmourdecrease: Fuel excise cut by a third, end of energy savings certificates (CEE) (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannunchanged: No general cut in petrol taxes; energy voucher extended (€4bn) (public statement by the candidate)
Business taxation
- Corporate income taxZemmourdecrease: Abolish the corporate income tax surcharge on large companies (2026 counter-budget) (words of an associate of the candidate)Glucksmannother change: PS programme: corporate income tax made progressive, in favour of SMEs (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Taxation of digital giants and multinationalsZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Targeted rise in the GAFAM tax, no rate given, for a digital agency (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Production taxesZemmourdecrease: Abolish the CVAE, then all production taxes (2026 counter-budget) (words of an associate of the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Windfall profits and share buybacksZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Tax oil companies’ windfall profits to fund fuel aid (public statement by the candidate)
- Financial transaction taxZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: global tax on financial transactions (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Debt and public spending
- Public deficit targeted for 2032ZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: Deficits cut over five years by a « contrat de stabilité » [“stability contract”], no target (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Level of public spendingZemmourdecrease: Public spending brought down from 57% to 50% of GDP (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Announced savingsZemmourincrease: €140bn of spending cuts (Sarah Knafo's plan) (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Handling of the debtZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Debt reduction path over five years (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
School
- Pupils per class, primaryZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Fewer pupils per class in primary school, after pay, no target (public statement by the candidate)
- Teachers' payZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Pay rise first, no amount (public statement by the candidate)
- Ability groups, organisation of lower secondary schoolZemmourincrease: End of the collège unique, early streaming into manual trades (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
Higher education and research
- Access to higher educationZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: Rethink Parcoursup through a consultation (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- University tuition feesZemmourincrease: Tuition fees for foreign students (Knafo plan, €4bn) (words of an associate of the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Research, share of GDPZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: R&D at 3% of GDP in 2030, of which at least 1% public research (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Health
- Where doctors set up practiceZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: Support for setting up practice, mixed practice, group care practices (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Public hospitalsZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: End of fee-for-service pricing in hospitals, better pay for carers (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- End of lifeZemmourabolition: Repeal the assisted dying law (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannunchanged: PS programme: assisted dying law (since passed), more palliative care (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Housing
- Rent controlsZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: Rent controls in areas of high housing pressure (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Social housingZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Higher annual social housing targets, no figure (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Personal housing benefits (APL)Zemmourdecrease: Abolish housing benefit (APL) for foreigners (public statement by the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Emergency shelterZemmourdecrease: Emergency shelter closed to foreigners in an irregular situation (Knafo plan) (words of an associate of the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
Security and justice
- Prisons and sentencesZemmourincrease: Restore minimum sentences, abolish the sentence enforcement judge (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannother change: Against prison overcrowding: tailored sentences and renovated prisons (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Violence against women and childrenZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Major plan against sexist and sexual violence, one billion euros (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
State and civil service
- Numbers and pay of civil servantsZemmourdecrease: Cut 800,000 civil service posts in five years (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: PS programme: pay rises for public employees, tenure for contract staff (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Public broadcastingZemmourabolition: Privatise public broadcasting (Knafo plan) (words of an associate of the candidate)Glucksmannother change: Strengthen public broadcasting and media independence (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Climate
- Emissions cut by 2030, compared with 1990ZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannunchanged: −55% emissions in 2030 and −90% in 2040, European targets (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Energy renovations per yearZemmourabolition: Abolish the Agence nationale de l'habitat (Knafo plan, €6bn) (words of an associate of the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: MaPrimeRénov’ relaunched and simplified, no quantified target (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Adaptation to climate changeZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Make adaptation a national mobilisation, more money for fire services (SDIS) (public statement by the candidate)
Energy
- New nuclear reactorsZemmourincrease: 6 EPRs by 2035 and 14 by 2045 (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannother change: Build new units on time, no number (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Wind and solarZemmourabolition: End of public support for renewables, €8bn (2026 counter-budget) (words of an associate of the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Multi-year investment plan in renewables (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Existing nuclear fleetZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannunchanged: Ensure the safety of existing nuclear power plants (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Electricity prices, European marketZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Lower prices, part of the bill at production cost, 2024 tax cancelled (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Agriculture and trade
- Floor prices, farm incomeZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmanncreation: Remunerative floor prices, end to circumventions of EGalim (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- PesticidesZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Ban glyphosate, neonicotinoids and the most harmful pesticides (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Common Agricultural PolicyZemmourother change: Put production back at the heart of the CAP (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannother change: End of per-hectare payments, capped payments (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Free trade agreements (Mercosur)Zemmourdecrease: Has rallied to « l'exception agriculturelle » [“the agricultural exception”] defended by the Coordination rurale (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanndecrease: Against the EU-Mercosur agreement, mirror measures on agricultural imports (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Industry and investment
- Additional public investment, per yearZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: More public investment, national and local, for the transition (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Industrial aid and reshoringZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: Public procurement geared towards buying local (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Transport
Institutions
- Voting system for legislative electionsZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmanncreation: Immediate proportional representation, preferably by regional constituencies (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Citizens' initiative referendum (RIC)ZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmanncreation: Citizens’ initiative for local and national referendums (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Article 49.3 and revision of the ConstitutionZemmourother change: Later statute to prevail over treaties (Article 55), QPC abolished (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanndecrease: Investiture of the Prime Minister and constructive no-confidence vote, end of Article 49.3 (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Voting ageZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Voting at 16, probably only in local elections (ambiguous sentence) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Immigration
- Labour immigration and residence permitsZemmourdecrease: Send back illegal immigrants and foreigners, even legally resident, unemployed for a year (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Regularise undocumented workers (public statement by the candidate)
- Right of asylumZemmourdecrease: Effective removal of rejected asylum seekers (« remigration ») (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Right to work from registration of the asylum application (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- State medical aid (Aide médicale de l'État)Zemmourabolition: Abolish state medical aid (AME) (Knafo plan, €1.3bn) (words of an associate of the candidate)GlucksmannNo position recorded
Europe and defence
- Place in the European UnionZemmourdecrease: EU budget brought back to its pre-Covid level (Knafo plan, €14bn) (words of an associate of the candidate)Glucksmannincrease: Federal leap: qualified majority instead of veto, own resources increased tenfold (public statement by the candidate)
- Support for UkraineZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: More aid to Ukraine, funded by the €210bn of frozen Russian assets (public statement by the candidate)
Overseas territories
- High cost of living overseasZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Cap the prices of basic necessities (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Status and autonomy of the territoriesZemmourNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: New Caledonia: return to the spirit of the Nouméa Accords (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Society
The gaps for this pair have not yet been classified by the editors (opposed, same direction, convergence): the comparison shows who takes a position, and the two positions can be read side by side.
* encoding being checked; ‡ encoding contested by the candidate’s team; — not addressed.
p. 14: page of the programme; stmt: public statement by the candidate, outside a written programme; assoc.: words of an associate, which do not formally commit the candidate; party: document of the candidate’s party or movement, distinct from a presidential programme.