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Two programmes side by side
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Direction of change, relative to current law: increase; decrease; unchanged; abolition of a scheme; creation of a scheme; change of another kind, or uncertain direction.
Wages and SMIC (minimum wage)
- Net monthly SMIC (minimum wage)Dupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: €1,600 net within two years (2025 plan, not reconfirmed in 2026) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Reductions in social contributions on low wagesDupont-Aignanincrease: Cut in employee contributions up to 3 SMIC: +8% net payGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Profit sharing (participation, intéressement)Dupont-Aignanincrease: Corporate tax cut by employee share ownership, profit-sharing free of forfait socialGlucksmannother change: PS programme: profit-sharing ≥ dividends; contributions on high incomes (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Unemployment
- Unemployment, max. benefit durationDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Repeal Macron’s unemployment insurance reform (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Benefit amount and taperingDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Repeal Macron’s unemployment insurance reform (read as the 2019-2021 one) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Working time and labour law
Minimum incomes and benefits
- RSA (minimum income), amount and conditionsDupont-Aignandecrease: Cap all benefits of a non-working person at 70% of the net SMICGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: unconditional RSA, paid automatically (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Family allowancesDupont-Aignanincrease: Family allowances increased, indexed to inflation and universalGlucksmannNo position recorded
Early childhood and old age
- Nurseries and childcareDupont-Aignanincrease: National plan for 100,000 nursery places in 5 yearsGlucksmannincrease: Public early-childhood service, enforceable right to childcare (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Old age and long-term careDupont-Aignanincrease: Upgrade the home-help profession so people can stay at homeGlucksmannincrease: A Grand Âge (old age) law, more staff in care homes (EHPAD), better-paid jobs (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Age and contribution period
- Legal retirement ageDupont-Aignandecrease: Legal age kept at 62 years and 9 months, no resumption of the increase (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmanndecrease: 62 after repeal of the 2023 reform, no return to 60 (public statement by the candidate)
- Contribution periodDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannunchanged: PS programme: 43 years of contributions, reduced according to job arduousness (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Arduous workDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Arduous work: earlier retirement for wearing jobs, later for some executives (public statement by the candidate)
Pension amounts
Taxation of pensioners
Organisation of the system
Income tax and CSG
- Income tax scaleDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Differential contribution on the highest incomes (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- CSG (general social contribution)Dupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Lower the CSG on wages, funded by large inheritances (public statement by the candidate)
- Family quotientDupont-Aignanincrease: Family quotient cap raised to €3,000 per half-shareGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Flat-rate levy on capital (flat tax)Dupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: PFU raised to 34%, end of the wiping out of unrealised capital gains (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Tax expenditures, subsidies and fraud
- Tax and social security expendituresDupont-Aignanincrease: Restore a Pinel-type tax advantage for new housingGlucksmanndecrease: Abolish ineffective tax expenditures, with no list (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Public aid to businessesDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: Redirect the €211bn of public aid to businesses (public statement by the candidate)
- Tax and social security fraudDupont-Aignanincrease: Tighter checks: social security (€20bn targeted), tax fraud (€20bn)Glucksmannincrease: PS programme: more staff and tools against tax fraud (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Wealth and inheritance
- Wealth tax (IFI, ISF)Dupont-Aignanincrease: Tax on very large fortunes restored, main residence excludedGlucksmannincrease: Tax the largest fortunes (public statement by the candidate)
- Inheritance and gift taxDupont-Aignandecrease: No inheritance tax on the main residence or 100 ha of farmland; Dutreil at 90%Glucksmannincrease: Tax the top 1% of inheritances; Place publique: end of the Dutreil pact (encoding being checked) (public statement by the candidate)
- Property taxDupont-Aignandecrease: Property tax of large families paid by the State after purchaseGlucksmannNo position recorded
Consumption
- VATDupont-Aignandecrease: No more VAT on the fuel tax (€6bn) or on 50 basic necessitiesGlucksmannincrease: End of VAT exemptions for polluting transport (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Taxes on fuel and energyDupont-Aignandecrease: Fuel −40 cents: end of CEE, no VAT on the tax, margins cappedGlucksmannunchanged: No general cut in petrol taxes; energy voucher extended (€4bn) (public statement by the candidate)
Business taxation
- Corporate income taxDupont-Aignanother change: Corporate tax halved on reinvested profits; multinationals taxed (€10bn)Glucksmannother change: PS programme: corporate income tax made progressive, in favour of SMEs (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Taxation of digital giants and multinationalsDupont-Aignanincrease: Multinationals’ profits taxed pro rata to turnover, tax on dataGlucksmannincrease: Targeted rise in the GAFAM tax, no rate given, for a digital agency (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Production taxesDupont-Aignandecrease: Production taxes cut (no amount), CDI for a jobseeker exempt for 5 yearsGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Windfall profits and share buybacksDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Tax oil companies’ windfall profits to fund fuel aid (public statement by the candidate)
- Financial transaction taxDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: global tax on financial transactions (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Debt and public spending
- Public deficit targeted for 2032Dupont-Aignanunchanged: Deficit brought below 3% after five yearsGlucksmannother change: Deficits cut over five years by a « contrat de stabilité » [“stability contract”], no target (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Level of public spendingDupont-Aignandecrease: €30bn savings in 5 years (about 2%), agencies and administrative layersGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Announced savingsDupont-Aignanincrease: €130bn savings after five years (EU, Ukraine, fraud, agencies, wind power…)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Handling of the debtDupont-Aignanother change: Borrow from the Banque de France, large tax-free national loanGlucksmanndecrease: Debt reduction path over five years (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Local authorities
School
- Pupils per class, primaryDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Fewer pupils per class in primary school, after pay, no target (public statement by the candidate)
- Teachers' payDupont-Aignanincrease: +15% net pay for teachers in 4 yearsGlucksmannincrease: Pay rise first, no amount (public statement by the candidate)
- Ability groups, organisation of lower secondary schoolDupont-Aignanincrease: Ability-based classes in lower secondary school, with bridgesGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Funding of private schoolsDupont-Aignanincrease: Accept the class openings requested by private schoolsGlucksmannNo position recorded
Higher education and research
- Access to higher educationDupont-Aignanother change: Reform Parcoursup to make it fair and transparentGlucksmannother change: Rethink Parcoursup through a consultation (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- University tuition feesDupont-Aignanunchanged: Free higher education reaffirmed, rise in ancillary fees haltedGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Research, share of GDPDupont-Aignanincrease: Research raised to 3% of GDP by 2029Glucksmannincrease: PS programme: R&D at 3% of GDP in 2030, of which at least 1% public research (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Health
- Where doctors set up practiceDupont-Aignanincrease: Study grant in exchange for three years’ practice in an underserved areaGlucksmannother change: Support for setting up practice, mixed practice, group care practices (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Public hospitalsDupont-Aignanincrease: End of maternity unit closures, beds reopened, hospital within 45 minGlucksmannincrease: End of fee-for-service pricing in hospitals, better pay for carers (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- End of lifeDupont-Aignanother change: Against the assisted dying bill, « nouvel eugénisme » [“new eugenics”] (May 2025) (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannunchanged: PS programme: assisted dying law (since passed), more palliative care (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Housing
- Rent controlsDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannother change: Rent controls in areas of high housing pressure (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Social housingDupont-Aignandecrease: Social home ownership counted under the SRU law, no rental HLM beyond 50%Glucksmannincrease: Higher annual social housing targets, no figure (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Personal housing benefits (APL)Dupont-Aignanincrease: Keep APL and index it to inflation, restore APL for home buyersGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Home ownershipDupont-Aignanincrease: Long-term, preferential-rate home-buying loan for the middle classesGlucksmannNo position recorded
Security and justice
- Police and gendarmerie numbersDupont-Aignanincrease: 10,000 additional police officers and gendarmes, net, in 5 yearsGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Prisons and sentencesDupont-Aignanincrease: Wider minimum sentences for assaults on police, healthcare workers…Glucksmannother change: Against prison overcrowding: tailored sentences and renovated prisons (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Juvenile justiceDupont-Aignanincrease: Age of criminal majority lowered to 16GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Resources for the justice systemDupont-Aignanincrease: Emergency plan for judges and clerks; aims for a €15bn budget (10.1 today)GlucksmannNo position recorded
- Violence against women and childrenDupont-Aignanincrease: Dedicated courts, one emergency shelter per inter-municipal bodyGlucksmannincrease: Major plan against sexist and sexual violence, one billion euros (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
State and civil service
- Numbers and pay of civil servantsDupont-Aignanincrease: Re-index civil servants’ pay to inflationGlucksmannincrease: PS programme: pay rises for public employees, tenure for contract staff (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Public broadcastingDupont-Aignandecrease: End of public funding for broadcasting, replaced by a citizen voucher (public statement by the candidate)Glucksmannother change: Strengthen public broadcasting and media independence (encoding being checked) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Climate
- Emissions cut by 2030, compared with 1990Dupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannunchanged: −55% emissions in 2030 and −90% in 2040, European targets (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Energy renovations per yearDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: MaPrimeRénov’ relaunched and simplified, no quantified target (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- End of sales of combustion-engine carsDupont-Aignanabolition: Scrap the 2035 ban on combustion-engine carsGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Adaptation to climate changeDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Make adaptation a national mobilisation, more money for fire services (SDIS) (public statement by the candidate)
Energy
- New nuclear reactorsDupont-Aignanincrease: Speed up EPR2s and small modular reactorsGlucksmannother change: Build new units on time, no number (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Wind and solarDupont-Aignanabolition: Abolish subsidies for wind and solar (€12bn savings, he says)Glucksmannincrease: Multi-year investment plan in renewables (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Existing nuclear fleetDupont-Aignanunchanged: Nuclear kept at a minimum of 70% of electricity, existing fleet securedGlucksmannunchanged: Ensure the safety of existing nuclear power plants (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Electricity prices, European marketDupont-Aignandecrease: Exit the European market, national tariff at €100/MWh, price halvedGlucksmanndecrease: Lower prices, part of the bill at production cost, 2024 tax cancelled (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Agriculture and trade
- Floor prices, farm incomeDupont-Aignancreation: Guaranteed prices for milk, meat and cereals, with quotasGlucksmanncreation: Remunerative floor prices, end to circumventions of EGalim (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- PesticidesDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Ban glyphosate, neonicotinoids and the most harmful pesticides (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Common Agricultural PolicyDupont-Aignanabolition: Leave the CAP for a national agricultural policyGlucksmannother change: End of per-hectare payments, capped payments (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Free trade agreements (Mercosur)Dupont-Aignandecrease: Mercosur rejected; CETA, New Zealand, Kenya and Chile agreements endedGlucksmanndecrease: Against the EU-Mercosur agreement, mirror measures on agricultural imports (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Industry and investment
- Additional public investment, per yearDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: More public investment, national and local, for the transition (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Industrial aid and reshoringDupont-Aignanincrease: €4bn reshoring fund for factories in rural areasGlucksmannother change: Public procurement geared towards buying local (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Nationalisations and privatisationsDupont-Aignanincrease: Restore EDF’s monopoly on electricity generation and distributionGlucksmannNo position recorded
Transport
- Everyday transportDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmannincrease: Ticket climat: single fixed-fare pass, first for young and precarious people (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- RailDupont-Aignanother change: Renovate the conventional network and reverse the opening to competitionGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Motorway concessionsDupont-Aignanabolition: Motorways renationalised without compensation, tolls abolished by 2030GlucksmannNo position recorded
Institutions
- Voting system for legislative electionsDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmanncreation: Immediate proportional representation, preferably by regional constituencies (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Citizens' initiative referendum (RIC)Dupont-Aignancreation: RIC on laws and the Constitution from one million registered votersGlucksmanncreation: Citizens’ initiative for local and national referendums (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Article 49.3 and revision of the ConstitutionDupont-Aignanother change: Mandatory referendum for any revision of the ConstitutionGlucksmanndecrease: Investiture of the Prime Minister and constructive no-confidence vote, end of Article 49.3 (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Length and number of terms of officeDupont-Aignanincrease: Return to a seven-year term, recall referendum at mid-termGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Voting ageDupont-AignanNo position recordedGlucksmanndecrease: Voting at 16, probably only in local elections (ambiguous sentence) (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Immigration
- Labour immigration and residence permitsDupont-Aignandecrease: Economic immigration exceptional when unemployment is highGlucksmannincrease: Regularise undocumented workers (public statement by the candidate)
- Right of asylumDupont-Aignandecrease: Asylum requested only at the borders, never granted on the territoryGlucksmannincrease: Right to work from registration of the asylum application (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- State medical aid (Aide médicale de l'État)Dupont-Aignanabolition: Abolish AME, one emergency clinic per départementGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Birthright citizenship and nationalityDupont-Aignanabolition: Abolish birthright citizenship by referendum, naturalisation keptGlucksmannNo position recorded
Europe and defence
- Place in the European UnionDupont-Aignanother change: Referendum on EU membership, exit if the people accept itGlucksmannincrease: Federal leap: qualified majority instead of veto, own resources increased tenfold (public statement by the candidate)
- Defence budgetDupont-Aignanunchanged: Defence budget raised to 2.5% of GDPGlucksmannNo position recorded
- NATODupont-Aignandecrease: Leave NATO’s integrated commandGlucksmannNo position recorded
- Support for UkraineDupont-Aignanabolition: End aid to Ukraine (€7bn/year, he says, including the EU share)Glucksmannincrease: More aid to Ukraine, funded by the €210bn of frozen Russian assets (public statement by the candidate)
Overseas territories
- High cost of living overseasDupont-Aignanother change: Octroi de mer replaced by VAT on certain importsGlucksmannincrease: Cap the prices of basic necessities (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
- Status and autonomy of the territoriesDupont-Aignanother change: No more new local authorities with special statusGlucksmannother change: New Caledonia: return to the spirit of the Nouméa Accords (document of the candidate’s party or movement)
Society
The gaps for this pair have not yet been classified by the editors (opposed, same direction, convergence): the comparison shows who takes a position, and the two positions can be read side by side.
* encoding being checked; ‡ encoding contested by the candidate’s team; — not addressed.
p. 14: page of the programme; stmt: public statement by the candidate, outside a written programme; assoc.: words of an associate, which do not formally commit the candidate; party: document of the candidate’s party or movement, distinct from a presidential programme.